Which of the following statements is true regarding how children experience pain relative to adults?

The younger the child, the greater is the chance they will be undertreated for pain.

Children experience less pain with procedures than adults.

Infants experience less pain than adolescents.

Children can easily become addicted to narcotics.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This statement is true because children, especially young children, may have difficulty expressing their pain or may be ignored by health care providers who underestimate their pain. Therefore, they may not receive adequate pain relief.

Choice B reason: This statement is false because children experience pain with procedures just as much as adults, if not more. Children may have more fear and anxiety associated with pain, which can amplify their perception of pain.

Choice C reason: This statement is false because infants experience pain as much as older children and adults. Infants have a fully developed nervous system that can sense and respond to pain stimuli. Infants may also have more long-term effects of pain, such as altered pain sensitivity and behavioral problems.

Choice D reason: This statement is false because children have a very low risk of becoming addicted to narcotics when they are used appropriately for pain management. Addiction is a psychological phenomenon that involves craving and compulsive use of a substance, which is rare in children who receive narcotics for pain relief.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not a valid basis for the nurse's response, as it implies that the child sleeps with the parents because of a lack of attention during the day. This may not be the case, and it may also offend the parents by questioning their parenting skills.

Choice B reason: This is a valid basis for the nurse's response, as it acknowledges the diversity and variability of family practices and preferences. It also shows respect and sensitivity for the parents' and the child's needs and comfort.

Choice C reason: This is not a valid basis for the nurse's response, as it is false and exaggerated. Sleeping with one's children is not illegal or abusive, unless there is evidence of harm or neglect. It may also alarm and anger the parents by accusing them of a crime.

Choice D reason: This is not a valid basis for the nurse's response, as it is based on a rigid and arbitrary developmental milestone. There is no fixed age for separating from parents, and it may vary depending on the child's temperament, attachment, and environment. It may also pressure and guilt the parents by implying that they are delaying their child's growth.

A. Parents are shocked when their child is diagnosed with a malignant bone tumor. The orthopedic surgeon discusses the options of limb amputation and a limb-salvage procedure. The parents are asked to consider each option. B. A child in end-stage renal failure is placed on the renal transplant list. The parents are asked to sign permission for surgery after a cadaver kidney is located. One parent is out of town and gives telephone consent. C. After initial therapies have failed, a child with leukemia is evaluated for a new cancer protocol. The child, age 8 years, gives assent for the new treatment, and his parents give their consent. D. The physician recommends that a young child be taken off the ventilator. The parents, who are divorced and have joint custody of the child, have differing views about whether to discontinue the ventilator.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This situation does not require the involvement of the hospital ethics committee, as the parents are not refusing or requesting any treatment that is contrary to the standard of care. The surgeon is providing them with information and options, and the parents are free to make their own decision.

Choice B reason: This situation does not involve any ethical dilemma, as the parents are giving their permission for the surgery, and the telephone consent is legally valid. The hospital ethics committee is not needed to resolve any conflict or uncertainty.

Choice C reason: This situation is an example of ethical research involving children, as the child is giving assent and the parents are giving consent for the new protocol. The hospital ethics committee is not required to intervene, as the research protocol has already been approved by the institutional review board.

Choice D reason: This situation is an appropriate case for the hospital ethics committee, as it involves a life-and-death decision that affects the child's best interests and the parents' rights. The hospital ethics committee can help to mediate the conflict, provide guidance, and facilitate a resolution.

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Which of the following statements is true regarding how children experience pain relative to adults?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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