While caring for a 4-year-old, the nurse uses which tool to assess pain?

APT

Numeric

FLACC

FACES

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: APT stands for Acute Pain Team, which is a multidisciplinary team that provides pain management for patients. It is not a tool to assess pain.

Choice B reason: Numeric is a pain scale that uses numbers from 0 to 10 to rate the intensity of pain. It is not suitable for a 4-year-old child who may not understand the concept of numbers or have difficulty expressing their pain level.

Choice C reason: FLACC stands for Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability. It is a pain scale that uses behavioral cues to assess pain in infants and young children who are unable to verbalize their pain. It is more appropriate for children under 3 years of age.

Choice D reason: FACES is a pain scale that uses facial expressions to indicate the level of pain. It is suitable for a 4-year-old child who can point to the face that matches their pain. It is a simple and easy way to assess pain in children.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is the most appropriate action because it respects the youth's autonomy and maturity, and allows for timely and necessary intervention. Assent is the agreement of a minor to participate in a medical decision, and it is usually sufficient in emergency situations when parental consent is not available.

Choice B reason: This is not the most appropriate action because it may delay the surgery and put the youth at risk of further complications. Another relative may not have the legal authority to consent for the youth, and may not be reachable in time.

Choice C reason: This is not the most appropriate action because it does not address the underlying problem of the injury. Pain medications may provide temporary relief, but they may also mask the symptoms and interfere with the surgery.

Choice D reason: This is not the most appropriate action because it may jeopardize the youth's health and safety. Waiting for parents to obtain consent may result in irreversible damage or even death. The youth's best interest should be the priority in this case.

A. Parents are shocked when their child is diagnosed with a malignant bone tumor. The orthopedic surgeon discusses the options of limb amputation and a limb-salvage procedure. The parents are asked to consider each option. B. A child in end-stage renal failure is placed on the renal transplant list. The parents are asked to sign permission for surgery after a cadaver kidney is located. One parent is out of town and gives telephone consent. C. After initial therapies have failed, a child with leukemia is evaluated for a new cancer protocol. The child, age 8 years, gives assent for the new treatment, and his parents give their consent. D. The physician recommends that a young child be taken off the ventilator. The parents, who are divorced and have joint custody of the child, have differing views about whether to discontinue the ventilator.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This situation does not require the involvement of the hospital ethics committee, as the parents are not refusing or requesting any treatment that is contrary to the standard of care. The surgeon is providing them with information and options, and the parents are free to make their own decision.

Choice B reason: This situation does not involve any ethical dilemma, as the parents are giving their permission for the surgery, and the telephone consent is legally valid. The hospital ethics committee is not needed to resolve any conflict or uncertainty.

Choice C reason: This situation is an example of ethical research involving children, as the child is giving assent and the parents are giving consent for the new protocol. The hospital ethics committee is not required to intervene, as the research protocol has already been approved by the institutional review board.

Choice D reason: This situation is an appropriate case for the hospital ethics committee, as it involves a life-and-death decision that affects the child's best interests and the parents' rights. The hospital ethics committee can help to mediate the conflict, provide guidance, and facilitate a resolution.

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While caring for a 4-year-old, the nurse uses which tool to assess pain?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which situation would be appropriate to refer to the hospital ethics committee?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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