Which of the following statements is true regarding the consequences of brainstem compression?
Brainstem compression primarily affects the cardiovascular system.
Compression of the brainstem can result in respiratory arrest due to compression of the respiratory control center in the medulla.
Brainstem compression primarily affects the gastrointestinal system.
Brainstem compression has no effect on respiratory function.
The Correct Answer is B
A. While the brainstem does influence cardiovascular function, brainstem compression affects multiple critical systems, not just cardiovascular.
B. The medulla oblongata in the brainstem contains the respiratory control centers. Compression can disrupt respiratory drive, leading to respiratory arrest, making this the correct answer.
C. The gastrointestinal system is not primarily affected by brainstem compression.
D. This is false, as brainstem compression severely affects respiratory function due to involvement of respiratory centers.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Decorticate posturing is characterized by arms flexed at the elbows with wrists and fingers bent inward toward the chest, indicating damage to the cerebral hemispheres or corticospinal tract.
B. Grimacing and leg movement with neck flexion describe a positive Brudzinski’s sign, related to meningeal irritation, not posturing.
C. Inability to extend the leg with hip flexion causing pain describes a positive Kernig’s sign, also related to meningeal irritation.
D. Arms extended and rigid with palms turned outward describe decerebrate posturing, indicating more severe brainstem injury.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increased systemic blood pressure – While systemic vasoconstriction may occur to maintain perfusion, it is a result of compensatory mechanisms like RAAS, not a primary mechanism leading to fluid retention and edema.
B. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation – RAAS leads to:
Sodium and water retention via aldosterone
Vasoconstriction via angiotensin II
These changes increase intravascular volume, contributing to fluid overload and edema.
C. Ventricular hypertrophy – This is a structural adaptation to increased workload (pressure overload), not directly responsible for fluid retention.
D. Ventricular dilation – Dilation occurs as a result of chronic volume overload, not as a compensatory mechanism causing fluid retention.
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