Which of the following structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot?

Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy

Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, life ventricular hypertrophy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

a) Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy: Does not describe the specific combination seen in tetralogy of Fallot.

b) Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy: Incorrect combination of defects for tetralogy of Fallot.

c) Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy: Accurately describes the four structural defects characterizing tetralogy of Fallot.

d) Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, left ventricular hypertrophy: Left ventricular hypertrophy is not typically part of tetralogy of Fallot.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

a) Hemolytic uremic syndrome: This condition often follows gastrointestinal infection caused by certain E. coli strains, leading to kidney damage and renal failure, particularly in children.

b) Hypovolemic shock: While severe dehydration and shock can affect renal function, they are not direct causes of prenatal renal failure.

c) Congenital obstructive urethra: This condition occurs when the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body, is blocked or narrowed. This can prevent urine from draining properly and cause damage to the kidneys before birth.

d) Glomerulonephritis: It's a kidney inflammation condition but not typically associated with prenatal renal failure.

A. Attending late-night parties and dances B. Sunbathing at the community pool C. Receiving a manicure and pedicure D. Daily hair shampoos

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a) Attending late-night parties and dances might not be directly related to SLE unless it interferes with sleep and rest, which are important for managing the condition.

b) Sun exposure can trigger lupus flares, so activities involving prolonged sun exposure should be avoided or practiced with precautions like sunscreen and protective clothing.

c) Manicures and pedicures typically do not exacerbate SLE unless they involve harsh chemicals that might trigger skin reactions.

d) Daily hair shampoos, unless they contain harsh chemicals or irritants, may not directly exacerbate SLE symptoms.

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Which of the following structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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