Which of the following structures encloses the cytoplasm?
Plasma membrane
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Flagellum
The Correct Answer is A
A. The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, surrounds the entire cell and separates the cytoplasm from the external environment. It acts as a barrier, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
B. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids, but it does not enclose the cytoplasm. It is an internal organelle.
C. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and forms a network within the cytoplasm, but it does not enclose it. It works within the cell's internal structure.
D. The flagellum is a tail-like structure used for cell movement in some cells, but it does not enclose the cytoplasm.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, which typically lowers blood pressure by decreasing the resistance within the vessels.
B. Increased cardiac output means the heart pumps more blood per minute, which raises blood pressure by increasing the volume of blood circulating through the arteries. This is the correct answer.
C. Decreased heart rate would typically lower blood pressure, as the heart is pumping less frequently, reducing the force exerted on the blood vessels.
D. Parasympathetic stimulation generally lowers blood pressure as it promotes relaxation and reduces the heart rate, which in turn reduces cardiac output.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Calcium plays a critical role in blood clotting. It is involved in the coagulation cascade and is necessary for the activation of clotting factors that help stop bleeding.
B. Calcium is not involved in acid buffering. This function is primarily carried out by buffers such as bicarbonate in the blood.
C. While calcium does help regulate some functions of cells and tissues, it does not primarily contribute to extracellular osmotic pressure; this is more a function of proteins and other ions.
D. ATP production mainly occurs in mitochondria and is driven by the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids, not by calcium directly. Calcium does, however, play a role in cellular processes like muscle contraction.
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