Which of the following types of immunity is acquired as a result of having the disease?
Natural passive
Artificial passive
Natural active
Artificial active
The Correct Answer is C
A. Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to child, either during pregnancy or through breast milk. This is not related to having the disease.
B. Artificial passive immunity is the transfer of antibodies from an external source, such as through antibody-containing blood products, to provide immediate protection against a disease.
C. Natural active immunity is acquired when an individual is exposed to a pathogen and the immune system responds by producing antibodies and memory cells. This type of immunity occurs after contracting the disease.
D. Artificial active immunity is gained through vaccination, where a person is exposed to a harmless form of the pathogen (such as inactivated or attenuated form), prompting the immune system to create a defense without causing illness.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The superior and inferior vena cava carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium, not oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
B. The aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the rest of the body but does not return it to the heart.
C. The pulmonary arteries transport deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation, not the other way around.
D. The pulmonary veins are responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, completing the pulmonary circulation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Respiratory bronchioles are part of the lower respiratory tract and lead to alveolar sacs, but they themselves are not primarily responsible for gas exchange. Their role is in the conduction of air.
B. Alveolar sacs are the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs. These sacs contain alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and the blood. This is the correct answer.
C. The pleura are double-layered membranes surrounding the lungs and do not play a direct role in gas exchange. They reduce friction and allow for smooth lung expansion.
D. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart, but gas exchange occurs in the alveolar sacs, not the veins.
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