Which of the following is a function of T-helper cells that is necessary for the development of an immune response?
Stimulates activation of B-cells
Provides the first line of defense against infection
Activates macrophages
Minimizes cell damage caused by T-cells
The Correct Answer is A
A. T-helper cells (CD4+ cells) play a crucial role in initiating and coordinating the immune response. They stimulate the activation of B-cells to produce antibodies and help activate cytotoxic T-cells to target infected cells.
B. The first line of defense against infection is provided by physical barriers like the skin, mucous membranes, and innate immune responses, not by T-helper cells.
C. While T-helper cells can activate macrophages indirectly by releasing cytokines, their primary role is in helping to activate other immune cells like B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells, rather than directly activating macrophages.
D. T-helper cells are not directly involved in minimizing cell damage caused by T-cells. That role is more closely related to regulatory T-cells (Tregs) that help maintain immune tolerance and prevent excessive immune responses.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Vitamin B12 is not synthesized in the skin. It is primarily absorbed through the digestive system from dietary sources such as meat and dairy products.
B. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight, specifically ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, which triggers the production of vitamin D3, a precursor to the active form of vitamin D.
C. Vitamin A is obtained from dietary sources, such as fruits and vegetables, and is not synthesized in the skin.
D. Vitamin K is primarily absorbed from food and produced by bacteria in the intestines, not synthesized in the skin.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody in the blood and plays a key role in the body's defense against bacterial and viral infections, but it is not directly involved in allergic reactions.
B. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody produced during an initial immune response, primarily involved in fighting infections, but it does not play a major role in allergic reactions.
C. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the antibody most directly involved in allergic reactions. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of histamine from mast cells, leading to the symptoms of allergies.
D. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is primarily found in mucosal areas such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, where it helps prevent infections, but it is not directly involved in allergic responses.
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