Which of the following is a function of T-helper cells that is necessary for the development of an immune response?
Stimulates activation of B-cells
Provides the first line of defense against infection
Activates macrophages
Minimizes cell damage caused by T-cells
The Correct Answer is A
A. T-helper cells (CD4+ cells) play a crucial role in initiating and coordinating the immune response. They stimulate the activation of B-cells to produce antibodies and help activate cytotoxic T-cells to target infected cells.
B. The first line of defense against infection is provided by physical barriers like the skin, mucous membranes, and innate immune responses, not by T-helper cells.
C. While T-helper cells can activate macrophages indirectly by releasing cytokines, their primary role is in helping to activate other immune cells like B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells, rather than directly activating macrophages.
D. T-helper cells are not directly involved in minimizing cell damage caused by T-cells. That role is more closely related to regulatory T-cells (Tregs) that help maintain immune tolerance and prevent excessive immune responses.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The transverse colon is where feces travels after the ascending colon, moving from right to left across the abdomen. Feces does not move directly from the cecum to the transverse colon.
B. The descending colon is the part of the colon that runs down the left side of the abdomen. Feces moves into this section after passing through the transverse colon, not directly after the cecum.
C. The sigmoid colon is the final section of the colon before the rectum. Feces travels here after the descending colon, not immediately after the cecum.
D. The ascending colon is the section of the colon that feces travels through immediately after the cecum. It moves upward on the right side of the abdomen before passing into the transverse colon.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The tricuspid valve has three leaflets and is located between the right atrium and right ventricle. It closes during ventricular contraction (systole) but does not have two leaflets.
B. The pulmonic valve has three leaflets and controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. It is closed during the systolic phase but is not the correct answer for having two leaflets.
C. The aortic valve has three leaflets and controls blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. It also closes during systole, but it does not have two leaflets.
D. The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, has two leaflets and is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. It closes during systole to prevent backflow of blood into the left atrium.
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