Which organ plays a central role in regulating blood glucose levels by secreting insulin and glucagon?

Liver.

Kidneys.

Lungs.

Spleen.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The liver plays a central role in blood glucose regulation by releasing glucose into the bloodstream through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis when blood glucose levels are low. It also stores glucose as glycogen and responds to insulin and glucagon signals.

Incorrect choices:

b. This choice is incorrect. While the kidneys play a role in filtering blood and excreting waste products, they are not primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels.

c. This choice is incorrect. The lungs are involved in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and are not directly involved in blood glucose regulation.

d. This choice is incorrect. The spleen is involved in immune function and blood filtration, but it does not play a central role in blood glucose regulation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Carbohydrates have the most significant impact on blood glucose levels as they are broken down into glucose during digestion. Monitoring and controlling carbohydrate intake is crucial for managing blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Fiber intake is important for digestive health and can help stabilize blood glucose levels, but it does not have as direct an impact as carbohydrates.

b. This choice is incorrect. Protein intake can influence insulin secretion, but it has a more modest effect on blood glucose compared to carbohydrates.

c. This choice is incorrect. Fat intake affects overall health, but it has a minimal direct impact on blood glucose levels.

A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). B. Diabetic nephropathy. C. Diabetic neuropathy. D. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that results from the thickening and narrowing of small blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the lower extremities. This can cause symptoms such as leg pain, numbness, and poor wound healing.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.

b. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function.

c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.

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Which organ plays a central role in regulating blood glucose levels by secreting insulin and glucagon?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which dietary component is particularly important for individuals with diabetes mellitus to monitor and control due to its direct impact on blood glucose levels?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the thickening and narrowing of small blood vessels, leading to impaired blood flow to the lower extremities?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which statement about type 2 diabetes mellitus is accurate?

Which classification of diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth?

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells and promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles?

Which medication works by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, facilitating glucose uptake by cells, and is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion?

Which medication works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine, and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Which laboratory test is commonly used to monitor long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus by measuring average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months?

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is not related to insulin deficiency or resistance, but rather results from genetic mutations affecting the function of specific genes involved in beta cell function?