Which organ plays a central role in regulating blood glucose levels by secreting insulin and glucagon?

Liver.

Kidneys.

Lungs.

Spleen.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The liver plays a central role in blood glucose regulation by releasing glucose into the bloodstream through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis when blood glucose levels are low. It also stores glucose as glycogen and responds to insulin and glucagon signals.

Incorrect choices:

b. This choice is incorrect. While the kidneys play a role in filtering blood and excreting waste products, they are not primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels.

c. This choice is incorrect. The lungs are involved in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and are not directly involved in blood glucose regulation.

d. This choice is incorrect. The spleen is involved in immune function and blood filtration, but it does not play a central role in blood glucose regulation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The "three P's" of diabetes mellitus refer to polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive hunger) due to the body's inability to effectively use glucose for energy.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Increased appetite, weight gain, and bloating are not characteristic of diabetes mellitus; rather, diabetes is associated with weight loss despite increased appetite (polyphagia).

c. This choice is incorrect. Pallor, palpitations, and pain are not specific manifestations of diabetes mellitus.

d. This choice is incorrect. Panic attacks, paranoia, and paresthesia are not typical clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus.

A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). B. Diabetic nephropathy. C. Diabetic neuropathy. D. Diabetic retinopathy.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure. Prolonged high blood glucose levels damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.

c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.

d. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication that affects the blood vessels of the retina and can lead to vision loss.

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Which organ plays a central role in regulating blood glucose levels by secreting insulin and glucagon?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which clinical manifestation is often referred to as the "three P's" of diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by kidney damage due to prolonged high blood glucose levels, leading to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which treatment approach involves delivering a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using an insulin pump and providing bolus doses before meals to mimic physiologic insulin secretion?

Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms contributes to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

The nurse is explaining the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus results from chronic hyperglycemia damaging small blood vessels and nerves?

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin production?

A client with diabetes is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. The nurse should instruct the client to consume:

The nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the accumulation of glucose within the lens of the eye, leading to changes in vision and the development of cataracts?