Which pathophysiologic process causes redness with acute inflammation?
Platelet-activating factor
Vasodilation
Increased capillary permeability
Vasoconstriction
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Platelet-activating factor promotes platelet aggregation and inflammation but does not directly cause redness. Redness in acute inflammation results from increased blood flow to the affected area, driven by vascular changes, not primarily platelet activity, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Vasodilation, triggered by inflammatory mediators like histamine, increases blood flow to the inflamed area, causing redness (erythema). Dilated vessels allow more oxygenated blood to reach tissues, a hallmark of acute inflammation, making this the correct pathophysiological process for redness.
Choice C reason: Increased capillary permeability allows fluid and proteins to leak into tissues, causing swelling (edema) in inflammation. While it contributes to inflammation, it does not directly cause redness, which is due to increased blood flow, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow, causing pallor, not redness. In acute inflammation, vasodilation predominates to deliver immune cells and nutrients, while vasoconstriction is an initial transient response, making this choice incorrect for causing redness.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperglycemia causes polyuria as high blood glucose exceeds renal reabsorption capacity, leading to osmotic diuresis. Excess glucose in urine draws water, increasing urine output, a classic diabetes symptom, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Polyphagia, or increased hunger, occurs in hyperglycemia as cells cannot utilize glucose due to insulin deficiency or resistance, signaling energy deficit. The body craves food to compensate, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice C reason: Excessive thirst (polydipsia) results from hyperglycemia-induced polyuria, causing dehydration. The body signals thirst to replenish fluid loss from osmotic diuresis, a hallmark of diabetes, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice D reason: Photophobia, sensitivity to light, is not associated with hyperglycemia. It occurs in conditions like meningitis or migraines, not metabolic disturbances like diabetes, making this choice incorrect for hyperglycemia manifestations.
Choice E reason: Dysphagia, difficulty swallowing, is unrelated to hyperglycemia. It may occur in neurological or esophageal disorders, not as a direct result of high blood glucose, making this choice incorrect for hyperglycemia.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance, not excessive insulin production, which declines over time. Insulin does not cause renal toxicity; hyperglycemia damages kidneys, making this choice incorrect for the mechanism of renal failure.
Choice B reason: Glucose crystals do not form in type 2 diabetes to obstruct ureters. Hyperglycemia damages renal vasculature, not urine flow, leading to diabetic nephropathy, making this choice incorrect for chronic renal failure’s mechanism.
Choice C reason: An autoimmune process destroying renal tissue is not typical of type 2 diabetes. Autoimmune damage occurs in type 1 diabetes or glomerulonephritis, not type 2-related renal failure, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: High blood sugar in type 2 diabetes damages renal microvasculature, particularly glomerular capillaries, causing diabetic nephropathy. This leads to proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and chronic renal failure, making this the correct mechanism for kidney damage.
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