Which pathophysiologic process causes redness with acute inflammation?
Platelet-activating factor
Vasodilation
Increased capillary permeability
Vasoconstriction
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Platelet-activating factor promotes platelet aggregation and inflammation but does not directly cause redness. Redness in acute inflammation results from increased blood flow to the affected area, driven by vascular changes, not primarily platelet activity, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Vasodilation, triggered by inflammatory mediators like histamine, increases blood flow to the inflamed area, causing redness (erythema). Dilated vessels allow more oxygenated blood to reach tissues, a hallmark of acute inflammation, making this the correct pathophysiological process for redness.
Choice C reason: Increased capillary permeability allows fluid and proteins to leak into tissues, causing swelling (edema) in inflammation. While it contributes to inflammation, it does not directly cause redness, which is due to increased blood flow, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow, causing pallor, not redness. In acute inflammation, vasodilation predominates to deliver immune cells and nutrients, while vasoconstriction is an initial transient response, making this choice incorrect for causing redness.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, reducing neuronal excitability by opening chloride channels, hyperpolarizing neurons, and preventing action potentials, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Norepinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter and hormone, increasing neuronal activity and arousal in the sympathetic nervous system. It does not inhibit neural signaling, making this choice incorrect for an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Choice C reason: Histamine acts as a neurotransmitter promoting wakefulness and arousal, not inhibition. It stimulates neuronal activity in the brain, unlike inhibitory neurotransmitters that reduce firing, making this choice incorrect for the role.
Choice D reason: Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter, promoting neuronal firing by depolarizing neurons via ion channel activation. It does not inhibit neural activity, making this choice incorrect for an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Renal failure causes metabolic acidosis (low pH, low HCO3) due to impaired acid excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption. The low PaCO2 indicates respiratory compensation (hyperventilation) to reduce acidity, matching renal failure’s acid-base profile, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: This shows respiratory acidosis (low pH, high PaCO2) with normal HCO3, suggesting lung dysfunction, not renal failure. Renal failure causes metabolic acidosis due to acid retention, not CO2 accumulation, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: This indicates respiratory alkalosis (high pH, low PaCO2) with low HCO3, suggesting hyperventilation, not renal failure. Renal failure leads to metabolic acidosis from acid accumulation, not respiratory changes, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: This shows metabolic alkalosis (high pH, high HCO3), not typical of renal failure, which causes acidosis due to impaired acid excretion. The normal PaCO2 suggests no respiratory compensation, making this choice incorrect for renal failure.
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