What causes type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Genetic mutations leading to insulin resistance
Excessive oral intake of simple carbohydrates
Pancreatic damage from alcohol consumption
Autoimmune attacks on pancreatic beta cells
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Genetic mutations causing insulin resistance describe type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency, not resistance, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Excessive carbohydrate intake does not cause type 1 diabetes, which is autoimmune. It may exacerbate hyperglycemia in diabetes but is not the primary cause, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Pancreatic damage from alcohol can cause pancreatitis, not type 1 diabetes. Type 1 is autoimmune, destroying insulin-producing beta cells, unrelated to alcohol-induced damage, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Autoantibodies target beta cells, causing hyperglycemia, making this the correct pathophysiological cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diabetes insipidus causes excessive water loss via dilute urine, leading to dehydration and decreased blood volume, resulting in hypotension. Reduced vascular pressure is a direct consequence, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Increased thirst (polydipsia) occurs in diabetes insipidus as the body compensates for massive water loss through dilute urine, triggered by low antidiuretic hormone or kidney response, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice C reason: Decreased heart rate is not typical; diabetes insipidus causes tachycardia due to dehydration and low blood volume, as the heart compensates for hypotension. Bradycardia does not fit, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Decreased urine output is incorrect; diabetes insipidus causes polyuria due to inability to concentrate urine, resulting from deficient antidiuretic hormone or renal response, making this choice incorrect.
Choice E reason: Increased glucose level is unrelated to diabetes insipidus, which affects water balance, not glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia occurs in diabetes mellitus, not insipidus, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Passive natural immunity occurs via natural antibody transfer, like breast milk. Infusion of antibodies is an artificial process, not natural, providing temporary protection, making this choice incorrect for the described immunity type.
Choice B reason: Active artificial immunity involves vaccination, stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies. Antibody infusion provides pre-formed antibodies, not active production, making this choice incorrect for the described immunity mechanism.
Choice C reason: Active natural immunity results from natural infection, leading to the body’s antibody production. Infusion of antibodies is artificial and passive, not requiring immune activation, making this choice incorrect for the scenario.
Choice D reason: Passive artificial immunity occurs when pre-formed antibodies are infused, providing immediate but temporary protection without immune system activation. This matches the described antibody infusion, making this the correct choice.
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