What causes type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Genetic mutations leading to insulin resistance
Excessive oral intake of simple carbohydrates
Pancreatic damage from alcohol consumption
Autoimmune attacks on pancreatic beta cells
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Genetic mutations causing insulin resistance describe type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency, not resistance, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Excessive carbohydrate intake does not cause type 1 diabetes, which is autoimmune. It may exacerbate hyperglycemia in diabetes but is not the primary cause, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Pancreatic damage from alcohol can cause pancreatitis, not type 1 diabetes. Type 1 is autoimmune, destroying insulin-producing beta cells, unrelated to alcohol-induced damage, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Autoantibodies target beta cells, causing hyperglycemia, making this the correct pathophysiological cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: A person recovering from influenza is in the convalescent stage, not the prodromal stage, which occurs before full symptoms. Recovery indicates resolution of infection, not early nonspecific symptoms, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Cough, stuffy nose, and chest pain indicate the acute stage of influenza, with full-blown respiratory symptoms. The prodromal stage involves nonspecific symptoms before respiratory manifestations, making this choice incorrect for the prodromal phase.
Choice C reason: A person exposed to influenza with no symptoms is in the incubation period, not the prodromal stage. The prodromal stage involves early, nonspecific symptoms, not asymptomatic infection, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: The prodromal stage of influenza involves early, nonspecific symptoms like fatigue, soreness, and headache before respiratory symptoms develop. These reflect the body’s initial response to viral replication, making this the correct choice for the prodromal stage.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Renal failure causes metabolic acidosis (low pH, low HCO3) due to impaired acid excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption. The low PaCO2 indicates respiratory compensation (hyperventilation) to reduce acidity, matching renal failure’s acid-base profile, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: This shows respiratory acidosis (low pH, high PaCO2) with normal HCO3, suggesting lung dysfunction, not renal failure. Renal failure causes metabolic acidosis due to acid retention, not CO2 accumulation, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: This indicates respiratory alkalosis (high pH, low PaCO2) with low HCO3, suggesting hyperventilation, not renal failure. Renal failure leads to metabolic acidosis from acid accumulation, not respiratory changes, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: This shows metabolic alkalosis (high pH, high HCO3), not typical of renal failure, which causes acidosis due to impaired acid excretion. The normal PaCO2 suggests no respiratory compensation, making this choice incorrect for renal failure.
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