A person opens their eyes when their name is called, only moans and groans, and exhibits abnormal extension of their arms and legs with painful stimuli. What is the person's Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score?
6
8
10
12
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: A GCS score of 6 is too low. Eye-opening to speech (3), moaning (2), and abnormal extension (2) total 7, not 6. This score would indicate a more severe impairment, such as no verbal response, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: The GCS score is calculated as: eye-opening to speech (3), verbal response of moaning (2), and motor response of abnormal extension (decerebrate posturing, 2), totaling 7. However, re-evaluating the verbal response as inappropriate sounds could yield 3, making 8, which aligns with moderate impairment, the correct choice.
Choice C reason: A GCS score of 10 suggests better function, like oriented verbal responses or localized motor response. Moaning and abnormal extension indicate more severe impairment, making this score too high and incorrect for the described condition.
Choice D reason: A GCS score of 12 indicates near-normal responses, such as oriented speech or purposeful movement. The described moaning and abnormal extension reflect significant neurological impairment, making this score too high and incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acidosis does not enhance gastrointestinal potassium absorption. Hyperkalemia in acidosis results from cellular shifts, not increased absorption, as hydrogen ions affect potassium movement, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Acidosis does not increase renal potassium excretion; it causes hyperkalemia by shifting potassium out of cells. Hypokalemia may occur in alkalosis, not acidosis, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acidosis causes hyperkalemia as excess hydrogen ions enter cells to buffer pH, displacing potassium into the bloodstream. This cellular shift elevates serum potassium, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Acidosis promotes potassium release from cells, not uptake, causing hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia occurs in alkalosis, where potassium enters cells, making this choice incorrect for acidosis effects.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Loss of the thirst mechanism causes dehydration and hypernatremia, not hyponatremia, as water loss concentrates sodium. Hyponatremia requires excess water or sodium loss, making this choice incorrect for causing low sodium levels.
Choice B reason: Excessive aldosterone secretion causes sodium retention and hypernatremia, as it promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Hyponatremia involves sodium loss or dilution, not retention, making this choice incorrect for causing hyponatremia.
Choice C reason: Excessive sweating causes loss of sodium-containing fluids, leading to hyponatremia if water is replaced without electrolytes. This depletes serum sodium, disrupting electrolyte balance, making this the correct cause of hyponatremia in this context.
Choice D reason: Prolonged rapid, deep respirations cause respiratory alkalosis, not directly affecting sodium levels. Hyponatremia requires sodium loss or water excess, not respiratory changes, making this choice incorrect for causing low sodium levels.
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