What condition may cause edema?
Excessive plasma proteins
Lymph node dysfunction
Decreased capillary permeability
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Excessive plasma proteins increase oncotic pressure, pulling fluid into the vascular space, reducing edema. Edema occurs with low plasma proteins (e.g., hypoalbuminemia), as in liver or kidney disease, which decreases oncotic pressure, causing fluid leakage, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Lymph node dysfunction impairs lymphatic drainage, leading to fluid accumulation in tissues, causing edema (lymphedema). The lymphatic system normally returns interstitial fluid to circulation, so its failure results in swelling, particularly in extremities, making this the correct cause of edema.
Choice C reason: Decreased capillary permeability reduces fluid leakage into tissues, preventing edema. Edema occurs with increased permeability, as in inflammation, allowing fluid to escape into the interstitial space, making this choice incorrect as it opposes the mechanism of edema formation.
Choice D reason: Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure reduces the force pushing fluid out of capillaries, decreasing edema. Edema is caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, as in heart failure, which forces fluid into tissues, making this choice incorrect for causing edema.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Increased skin pigmentation is associated with Addison’s disease due to elevated ACTH stimulating melanocytes. Cushing syndrome, caused by excess cortisol, typically causes skin thinning and bruising, not hyperpigmentation. The excess cortisol does not directly affect melanin production, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Cushing syndrome leads to weight gain, not weight loss, due to cortisol’s promotion of fat deposition in central areas (e.g., abdomen, face). Increased appetite and altered metabolism contribute to obesity, not weight loss, making this choice incorrect as it contradicts the metabolic effects of hypercortisolism.
Choice C reason: Cushing syndrome often causes hypertension, not decreased blood pressure, due to cortisol’s mineralocorticoid effects, increasing sodium retention and vascular resistance. Decreased blood pressure is more associated with adrenal insufficiency, making this choice incorrect as it does not align with Cushing syndrome’s pathophysiology.
Choice D reason: Cushing syndrome, characterized by excess cortisol, suppresses the immune system by inhibiting inflammatory responses and reducing lymphocyte activity. This increases susceptibility to infections and impairs wound healing, making decreased immune response a hallmark complication, which is why this choice is correct.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Peripheral neuropathy impairs sensation, increasing burn risk from hot water. Checking water temperature prevents thermal injuries, as patients may not feel extreme temperatures, protecting insensate feet from damage, making this the correct preventive action.
Choice B reason: An electromyogram (EMG) diagnoses neuropathy by assessing nerve function but does not prevent injury. It is a diagnostic tool, not a protective measure against physical harm, making this choice incorrect for injury prevention.
Choice C reason: Pain and inflammation medications manage neuropathy symptoms but do not prevent physical injuries like cuts or burns. They address discomfort, not sensory loss, which is the primary injury risk, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Open-toed sandals expose feet to injury, increasing risk in neuropathy due to poor sensation. Closed-toe shoes protect against trauma, making this choice incorrect for preventing injuries in peripheral neuropathy.
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