What condition may cause edema?
Excessive plasma proteins
Lymph node dysfunction
Decreased capillary permeability
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Excessive plasma proteins increase oncotic pressure, pulling fluid into the vascular space, reducing edema. Edema occurs with low plasma proteins (e.g., hypoalbuminemia), as in liver or kidney disease, which decreases oncotic pressure, causing fluid leakage, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Lymph node dysfunction impairs lymphatic drainage, leading to fluid accumulation in tissues, causing edema (lymphedema). The lymphatic system normally returns interstitial fluid to circulation, so its failure results in swelling, particularly in extremities, making this the correct cause of edema.
Choice C reason: Decreased capillary permeability reduces fluid leakage into tissues, preventing edema. Edema occurs with increased permeability, as in inflammation, allowing fluid to escape into the interstitial space, making this choice incorrect as it opposes the mechanism of edema formation.
Choice D reason: Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure reduces the force pushing fluid out of capillaries, decreasing edema. Edema is caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, as in heart failure, which forces fluid into tissues, making this choice incorrect for causing edema.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Overinflated alveoli and air trapping occur in emphysema or COPD, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves alveolar collapse, reducing lung volume and gas exchange, not overinflation, making this choice incorrect for the pathophysiology of atelectasis.
Choice B reason: Atelectasis is the collapse of alveoli, often due to obstruction, compression, or surfactant deficiency, impairing ventilation and perfusion. This reduces gas exchange, causing hypoxia, and matches the pathophysiological process, making this the correct choice for atelectasis.
Choice C reason: Inflammation of the bronchi (bronchitis) involves airway inflammation, not alveolar collapse. Atelectasis results from physical collapse of alveoli, not primarily inflammatory processes, making this choice incorrect for atelectasis’s pathophysiology.
Choice D reason: Inflammatory congestion in alveoli describes pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves alveolar collapse, reducing ventilation without primary inflammation or fluid accumulation, making this choice incorrect for the described process.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Genetic mutations causing insulin resistance describe type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency, not resistance, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Excessive carbohydrate intake does not cause type 1 diabetes, which is autoimmune. It may exacerbate hyperglycemia in diabetes but is not the primary cause, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Pancreatic damage from alcohol can cause pancreatitis, not type 1 diabetes. Type 1 is autoimmune, destroying insulin-producing beta cells, unrelated to alcohol-induced damage, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Autoantibodies target beta cells, causing hyperglycemia, making this the correct pathophysiological cause.
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