What condition may cause edema?
Excessive plasma proteins
Lymph node dysfunction
Decreased capillary permeability
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Excessive plasma proteins increase oncotic pressure, pulling fluid into the vascular space, reducing edema. Edema occurs with low plasma proteins (e.g., hypoalbuminemia), as in liver or kidney disease, which decreases oncotic pressure, causing fluid leakage, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Lymph node dysfunction impairs lymphatic drainage, leading to fluid accumulation in tissues, causing edema (lymphedema). The lymphatic system normally returns interstitial fluid to circulation, so its failure results in swelling, particularly in extremities, making this the correct cause of edema.
Choice C reason: Decreased capillary permeability reduces fluid leakage into tissues, preventing edema. Edema occurs with increased permeability, as in inflammation, allowing fluid to escape into the interstitial space, making this choice incorrect as it opposes the mechanism of edema formation.
Choice D reason: Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure reduces the force pushing fluid out of capillaries, decreasing edema. Edema is caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, as in heart failure, which forces fluid into tissues, making this choice incorrect for causing edema.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acute infections are not defined by location but by rapid onset and severity. While some infections may be localized, the hallmark is their abrupt, intense presentation, resolving quickly with treatment or spontaneously, making this choice incomplete and incorrect for fully describing acute infections.
Choice B reason: Acute infections are characterized by rapid onset, severe symptoms, and short duration, typically resolving within days to weeks. This reflects the body’s immediate immune response to pathogens, causing intense but transient symptoms, such as fever or pain, making this the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Non-apparent, prolonged symptoms describe subclinical or chronic infections, not acute ones. Acute infections present with noticeable, severe symptoms that resolve quickly, not persisting asymptomatically, making this choice incorrect for the characteristics of acute infections.
Choice D reason: Less severe, prolonged symptoms describe chronic infections, like tuberculosis, not acute infections. Acute infections feature rapid, intense symptoms that resolve quickly, not mild symptoms over time, making this choice incorrect for describing acute infections.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperglycemia causes polyuria as high blood glucose exceeds renal reabsorption capacity, leading to osmotic diuresis. Excess glucose in urine draws water, increasing urine output, a classic diabetes symptom, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Polyphagia, or increased hunger, occurs in hyperglycemia as cells cannot utilize glucose due to insulin deficiency or resistance, signaling energy deficit. The body craves food to compensate, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice C reason: Excessive thirst (polydipsia) results from hyperglycemia-induced polyuria, causing dehydration. The body signals thirst to replenish fluid loss from osmotic diuresis, a hallmark of diabetes, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice D reason: Photophobia, sensitivity to light, is not associated with hyperglycemia. It occurs in conditions like meningitis or migraines, not metabolic disturbances like diabetes, making this choice incorrect for hyperglycemia manifestations.
Choice E reason: Dysphagia, difficulty swallowing, is unrelated to hyperglycemia. It may occur in neurological or esophageal disorders, not as a direct result of high blood glucose, making this choice incorrect for hyperglycemia.
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