A traumatic brain injury on the brainstem can cause which of the following?

Emotional lability

Personality changes

Diabetes insipidus

Unstable vital signs

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Emotional lability (rapid mood swings) can occur with brain injuries, but it is more commonly associated with damage to the frontal lobe, not the brainstem.

B. Personality changes are also more likely to result from damage to the frontal lobe or other areas of the brain responsible for behavior and personality, not the brainstem.

C. Diabetes insipidus can result from brain injury, particularly damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, but it is not a direct consequence of brainstem injury.

D. Unstable vital signs are a common result of damage to the brainstem, which is responsible for regulating autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Damage to the brainstem can lead to life-threatening instability in these vital functions.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. An aura is a sensory warning (such as a strange taste, smell, or visual disturbance) that often precedes a seizure, indicating that a seizure is imminent. It is a common experience for individuals with certain types of seizures, such as focal seizures.

B. A brief loss of consciousness accompanied by staring is indicative of absence seizures, not an aura.

C. A continuous seizure state in which seizures occur in rapid succession is known as status epilepticus, a medical emergency.

D. A period of sleepiness following the seizure is called the postictal state, but this is not related to an aura, which occurs before the seizure.

A. Palpebral angle rigid, right and left angles B. Patient's eyes round, regular, lively, active C. Pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation D. Pupils equilateral, regular, round, little accommodation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Palpebral angle rigid, right and left angles is not a part of the PERRLA assessment. The term refers to the space between the eyelids, which is not assessed with the PERRLA acronym.

B. Patient's eyes round, regular, lively, active is a description of the general appearance of the eyes but does not correspond to the PERRLA acronym, which specifically addresses the pupils' response to light and accommodation.

C. PERRLA stands for Pupils Equal, Round, and Reactive to Light and Accommodation. This means the pupils should be equal in size, round in shape, react to light (constricting when exposed to light), and accommodate (adjust) when focusing on near or far objects. This is a standard neurological assessment used to evaluate the functioning of the eyes and the nervous system.

D. Pupils equilateral, regular, round, little accommodation does not accurately describe PERRLA. The correct term is "accommodation," which refers to the pupils' ability to adjust when focusing on near or far objects, not "little accommodation."

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A traumatic brain injury on the brainstem can cause which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse performs a visual assessment on a patient and documents the findings using the acronym PERRLA. Which assessment finding does PERRLA indicate?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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