A traumatic brain injury on the brainstem can cause which of the following?

Emotional lability

Personality changes

Diabetes insipidus

Unstable vital signs

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Emotional lability (rapid mood swings) can occur with brain injuries, but it is more commonly associated with damage to the frontal lobe, not the brainstem.

B. Personality changes are also more likely to result from damage to the frontal lobe or other areas of the brain responsible for behavior and personality, not the brainstem.

C. Diabetes insipidus can result from brain injury, particularly damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, but it is not a direct consequence of brainstem injury.

D. Unstable vital signs are a common result of damage to the brainstem, which is responsible for regulating autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Damage to the brainstem can lead to life-threatening instability in these vital functions.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 700: This is incorrect, check the calculation in choice D rationale
B. 660: This is incorrect, check the calculation in choice D rationale

C. 900: This is incorrect, check the calculation in choice D rationale
D. To calculate the total intake, we need to convert all fluid measurements to milliliters (mL) and then add them together:

- Coffee: 240 mL

- Milk: 60 mL

- Apple juice: 120 mL

- Broth: 8 oz = 240 mL (1 oz = 30 mL)

- Water: 10 oz = 300 mL (1 oz = 30 mL)

Now, add them together:

240 mL (coffee) + 60 mL (milk) + 120 mL (apple juice) + 240 mL (broth) + 300 mL (water) = 960 mL.

Thus, the total intake is 960 mL, which corresponds to D.

A. Dopamine B. Norepinephrine C. Serotonin D. Glutamate

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is decreased in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Levodopa, a precursor to dopamine, is used to increase dopamine levels in the brain and alleviate symptoms.

B. Norepinephrine is involved in mood regulation and other functions, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.

C. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that affects mood, sleep, and appetite, but it is not the primary neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's disease.

D. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter, but its role is more related to other conditions like neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, rather than Parkinson's disease.

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A traumatic brain injury on the brainstem can cause which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

For the 0700 to 1500 shift, the patient drinks 240 mL of coffee, 60 mL of milk, and 120 mL of apple juice at breakfast. For lunch, the patient takes 8 oz of broth and drinks 10 oz of water for the shift. What is the total intake for the 0700 to 1500 shift?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A common medication treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa/carbidopa combination medication. The nurse knows that this medication is used because which of the following neurotransmitter is decreased in a person with Parkinson's disease?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with a primary brain tumor is to receive radiation after undergoing surgery to remove the tumor. The nurse knows that they may not receive chemotherapy because of the following reason.

The nurse performs a visual assessment on a patient and documents the findings using the acronym PERRLA. Which assessment finding does PERRLA indicate?

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the family of a client who has Parkinson's disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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