A traumatic brain injury on the brainstem can cause which of the following?

Emotional lability

Personality changes

Diabetes insipidus

Unstable vital signs

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Emotional lability (rapid mood swings) can occur with brain injuries, but it is more commonly associated with damage to the frontal lobe, not the brainstem.

B. Personality changes are also more likely to result from damage to the frontal lobe or other areas of the brain responsible for behavior and personality, not the brainstem.

C. Diabetes insipidus can result from brain injury, particularly damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, but it is not a direct consequence of brainstem injury.

D. Unstable vital signs are a common result of damage to the brainstem, which is responsible for regulating autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Damage to the brainstem can lead to life-threatening instability in these vital functions.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Sleeping more during the day than nighttime is not a typical manifestation of primary dementia. While changes in sleep patterns can occur in individuals with dementia, the hallmark features are related to cognitive decline and memory loss, not excessive daytime sleep.

B. Forgetfulness gradually progressing to disorientation is a classic manifestation of primary dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease. This condition is characterized by progressive memory loss, confusion, and eventually, disorientation.

C. Temporary, reversible loss of brain function is not characteristic of primary dementia. Dementia is typically a progressive and irreversible decline in cognitive function, with symptoms worsening over time.

D. Hypervigilant behaviors are not typically associated with primary dementia. Instead, individuals with dementia may experience confusion, apathy, or withdrawal, but hypervigilance is more commonly associated with conditions such as anxiety or paranoia.

A. Have the client wear a cervical collar for the first 12 hr. B. Head of her bed elevated 30 degrees C. Logroll the client every 2 hr. D. Supine with her arms elevated on pillows

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A cervical collar is not necessary for a lumbar laminectomy. A cervical collar is used for neck surgeries or spinal cord injuries involving the cervical spine, not for lumbar procedures.

B. The head of the bed elevated 30 degrees may be appropriate for certain conditions, but after a lumbar laminectomy, it is typically recommended to keep the head of the bed flat or slightly elevated to reduce pressure on the spine.

C. Logrolling the client every 2 hr is the correct action. After a lumbar laminectomy, the nurse should use the logroll technique to turn the patient to prevent strain on the spine and promote proper healing.

D. Supine with her arms elevated on pillows is not the best position. While elevation of the arms may be helpful for comfort, the focus should be on protecting the lumbar spine and ensuring proper positioning to prevent strain.

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A traumatic brain injury on the brainstem can cause which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has primary dementia. Which of the following manifestations of dementia should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client following a lumbar laminectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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