Which statement is correct regarding beta receptors?

Choice A Reason:

Beta2 activation results in bronchodilation. This is a well-known effect where the activation of beta2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the airways leads to relaxation and widening of the airways, making it easier to breathe. This effect is commonly utilized in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory conditions.

Choice B Reason:

Beta2 activation also results in glycogenolysis. This process involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which increases blood sugar levels. This effect is part of the body’s response to stress, providing additional energy for the “fight or flight” response.

Choice C Reason:

Beta2 activation results in vasodilation of skeletal muscles. This means that the blood vessels supplying the skeletal muscles widen, increasing blood flow to these muscles. This effect helps to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles during periods of increased activity.

Choice D Reason:

This is the correct answer. Beta2 activation does not result in the contraction of uterine muscle; rather, it causes relaxation of the uterine smooth muscle. This effect is beneficial in preventing premature labor by reducing uterine contractions. Therefore, the statement that beta2 activation results in contraction of uterine muscle is incorrect and indicates a need for further teaching.

Choice A Reason:

Vomiting is not a risk factor for a heart attack but rather a symptom that can occur during a heart attack. Risk factors are conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease. Vomiting can be a sign of various conditions, including gastrointestinal issues or even a heart attack, but it does not contribute to the risk of having a heart attack.

Choice B Reason:

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant risk factor for heart attacks. It causes the heart to work harder than normal, leading to the thickening of the heart muscle and narrowing of the arteries. Over time, this increased workload can damage the arteries, making them more susceptible to blockages that can cause a heart attack. Managing blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication is crucial in reducing the risk of heart attacks.

Choice C Reason:

Chest pain is a common symptom of a heart attack but not a risk factor. Risk factors are pre-existing conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease. Chest pain, also known as angina, occurs when there is reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often due to blockages in the coronary arteries. While chest pain indicates a potential heart problem, it is not a contributing factor to the development of a heart attack.

Choice D Reason:

Cell necrosis refers to the death of cells, which can occur during a heart attack when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked. This is a consequence of a heart attack rather than a risk factor. Risk factors are conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease, whereas cell necrosis is a result of the disease process.