A 6-year-old child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse expect the urinalysis to show during the acute phase?
Bacteriuria, increased specific gravity
Hematuria, mild to moderate proteinuria
Bacteriuria, proteinuria
High levels of proteinuria, decreased specific gravity
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
Bacteriuria, or the presence of bacteria in the urine, is not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is primarily an inflammatory condition affecting the glomeruli of the kidneys, and it does not usually involve bacterial infection. Increased specific gravity can occur due to concentrated urine, but bacteriuria is not a characteristic finding.
Choice B reason:
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, and mild to moderate proteinuria are characteristic findings in acute glomerulonephritis. Hematuria occurs due to inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, allowing red blood cells to pass into the urine. Proteinuria results from the increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane, allowing proteins to leak into the urine. These findings are key indicators of glomerular inflammation and damage.
Choice C reason:
While proteinuria can be present in acute glomerulonephritis, bacteriuria is not a typical finding. The condition is primarily inflammatory rather than infectious, so the presence of bacteria in the urine is not expected. The focus should be on the inflammatory markers such as hematuria and proteinuria.
Choice D reason:
High levels of proteinuria and decreased specific gravity are not typical findings in acute glomerulonephritis. While proteinuria can occur, it is usually mild to moderate rather than high. Specific gravity may be increased due to concentrated urine, but decreased specific gravity is not a characteristic finding of this condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is b. 25%.
Choice A: 50%
If both parents are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait (carriers), each child has a 50% chance of inheriting one sickle cell gene from one parent and a normal gene from the other parent. This would make the child a carrier of the sickle cell trait, not someone with sickle cell anemia. Therefore, the chance of having sickle cell anemia is not 50%.
Choice B: 25%
When both parents are carriers of the sickle cell trait (heterozygous), there is a 25% chance that their child will inherit two sickle cell genes (one from each parent), resulting in sickle cell anemia. This is because each parent has one normal hemoglobin gene (A) and one sickle cell gene (S). The possible combinations for their children are AA (normal), AS (carrier), SA (carrier), and SS (sickle cell anemia). The probability of the SS combination is 25%.
Choice C: 75%
A 75% chance is not accurate in this scenario. The 75% figure might be mistakenly considered if one were to add the probabilities of being a carrier (50%) and having sickle cell anemia (25%). However, these probabilities are distinct and should not be combined in this manner.
Choice D: 100%
A 100% chance would imply that every child of the couple would have sickle cell anemia, which is not the case. Since each parent is a carrier, there is only a 25% chance for each child to have sickle cell anemia. The remaining 75% of the time, the child will either be a carrier or have normal hemoglobin.
Correct Answer is ["A"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
A specific gravity of 1.010 indicates that the child’s urine is adequately diluted, suggesting proper hydration. Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.005 to 1.030. A value of 1.010 falls within this range and indicates that the kidneys are functioning well and the child is not dehydrated.
Choice B reason:
Moist mucous membranes are a sign of adequate hydration. When a child is well-hydrated, the mucous membranes in the mouth and other areas remain moist. This is a positive indicator that oral rehydration therapy has been effective in restoring the child’s fluid balance.
Choice C reason:
Capillary refill time of less than 3 seconds is another indicator of proper hydration and good peripheral perfusion. This means that the blood is circulating well throughout the body, and the tissues are receiving adequate oxygen and nutrients. A capillary refill time of less than 3 seconds is considered normal and suggests effective rehydration.
Choice D reason:
A sunken anterior fontanelle is a sign of dehydration in infants. When the fontanelle is sunken, it indicates that the child has lost a significant amount of fluid. Therefore, this finding does not indicate that oral rehydration therapy has been effective. Instead, it suggests that the child may still be dehydrated.
Choice E reason:
A heart rate of 146/min is elevated for an 8-month-old child1. Normal heart rates for infants range from 80 to 160 beats per minute. While this heart rate is within the upper limit of normal, it can also be a sign of dehydration or other stressors. Therefore, it is not a definitive indicator of effective rehydration therapy.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today