Which type of seizure is characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone, leading to the person collapsing or falling down?

Tonic-clonic seizure

Myoclonic seizure

Atonic seizure

Absence seizure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Tonic-clonic seizure. Tonic-clonic seizures involve both muscle stiffness (tonic phase) and jerking movements (clonic phase), but they are not characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone.

B. Myoclonic seizure. Myoclonic seizures involve brief, sudden jerks or twitches of a muscle or group of muscles, not the sudden loss of muscle tone.

C. Atonic seizure. Atonic seizures, also known as "drop attacks," are characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone, which causes the person to collapse or fall to the ground. This is the correct description of the type of seizure being asked about.

D. Absence seizure. Absence seizures involve brief episodes of staring and loss of awareness but do not cause loss of muscle tone or collapsing.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Confusion and altered mental status can be signs of increased ICP, but these symptoms are not specific. Confusion or altered consciousness may also be observed in other conditions, so this alone may not definitively indicate increased ICP.

B. Increased diastolic pressure with narrowing pulse pressure is a classic sign of increased intracranial pressure and is a key component of Cushing's triad. This triad, which also includes bradycardia and irregular respirations, is a critical indicator of impending brain herniation and requires immediate intervention.

C. Irregular, rapid heartbeat is not a direct sign of increased ICP. While heart rate changes can occur with changes in ICP, they are usually seen as part of Cushing’s triad and would typically present with bradycardia, not rapid heartbeat.

D. Rapid, shallow breathing can occur in response to other conditions, but it is not the most specific or early sign of increased ICP. Changes in the respiratory pattern with increased ICP often involve more distinct alterations like Cheyne-Stokes or irregular breathing patterns.

A. Administer an antiemetic before chemotherapy begins B. Encourage drinking large amounts of favorite fluids C. Offer frequent small meals before and after chemotherapy D. Provide the child's favorite music as a distraction

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Administer an antiemetic before chemotherapy begins is the most appropriate action. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting can be anticipated, so administering an antiemetic before treatment helps to prevent these symptoms from occurring. This proactive approach is standard practice to manage chemotherapy side effects.

B. Encourage drinking large amounts of favorite fluids may help with hydration, but it doesn't specifically target nausea or vomiting. It’s better to focus on a strategy to directly prevent these symptoms, such as using antiemetics.

C. Offer frequent small meals before and after chemotherapy may help with general appetite and nutrition, but it doesn't directly address nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy.

D. Provide the child's favorite music as a distraction can be helpful for comfort but does not address the underlying issue of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

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Which type of seizure is characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone, leading to the person collapsing or falling down?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A child with a head injury is at risk for increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which change in status would alert the nurse to believe an increase in ICP has occurred?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A school-age child with leukemia experienced severe nausea and vomiting when receiving chemotherapy for the first time. Which is the most appropriate nursing action to prevent or minimize these reactions with subsequent treatments?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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