Which view of personality development includes the idea that expectancies influence one's behavior?

A. An internal locus of control refers to the belief that individuals have control over their own lives and outcomes, which aligns with the idea of controlling one's destiny.

B. Observational learning involves learning behaviors by observing others, rather than focusing on control over one’s own destiny.

C. Learned hopefulness is not a standard psychoanalytic concept and does not describe the belief in controlling one's destiny.

D. An external locus of control suggests that outcomes are determined by external forces or fate, contrary to the belief that one controls their own destiny.

A. Memory encoding refers to the process of converting information into a format that can be stored in memory, but it is not the specific process for active processing in short-term memory.

B. Sensory memory is the initial stage where sensory information is briefly stored, not where active processing happens.

C. Working memory involves actively processing and manipulating information in short-term memory, which aligns with the process described in the question.

D. Functional memory is not a recognized term in the context of memory models.