Who identified four identity statuses for adolescence?
Erik Erikson
James Marcia
Reed Larson
Jean Phinney
The Correct Answer is B
A. Erik Erikson: Erikson proposed the psychosocial stages (including identity vs. role confusion) but did not formalize the four empirical identity statuses.
B. James Marcia: Marcia operationalized identity development into four statuses (diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, achievement), making him the correct choice.
C. Reed Larson: Larson is known for research on adolescent activities and development, not for defining the four identity statuses.
D. Jean Phinney: Phinney is noted for work on ethnic identity development rather than Marcia’s four-status model.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. fetal: Later period; more functional defects and growth issues than major structural ones.
B. implantation: Very early pre-embryonic stage; structural organ formation hasn’t begun.
C. embryonic: Weeks 3–8; organogenesis occurs, so risk of major structural defects is highest.
D. germinal: Conception to ~2 weeks; before organ formation, thus lower risk of structural anomalies.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. middle adulthood: Erikson’s stage of generativity versus stagnation occurs in middle adulthood (concern with contributing to next generations vs. self-absorption).
B. young adulthood: Young adulthood is dominated by intimacy versus isolation, not generativity.
C. adolescence: Adolescence centers on identity versus role confusion, preceding generativity.
D. oldest old: The oldest old (late life) face integrity versus despair, the final Erikson stage, not generativity.
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