You are caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. The patient is upset and states "How could this happen? I eat a vegan diet and get plenty of exercise". What is your BEST response?

This type of Diabetes is likely related to your high LDL levels

This type of Diabetes is probably related to your waist size and ethnicity

This type of Diabetes has to do with the hormone ADH

This type of Diabetes is thought to be an Autoimmune disorder caused by genetic factors and stress

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is not directly related to LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels, which are typically associated with cardiovascular health rather than T1DM.
B.   Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is not associated with waist size or ethnicity. Waist size and ethnicity are more relevant to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which is influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.
C.   ADH (antidiuretic hormone) primarily regulates water balance in the body and is not directly related to the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
D.   Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is indeed an autoimmune disorder. It is caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Genetic factors play a significant role in predisposing individuals to T1DM, and while stress may exacerbate symptoms, it is not the primary cause.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells, opposite to the condition described.
B. Hypoxic drive refers to the body's adaptation to use low oxygen levels as a stimulus to breathe, not an increase in red blood cells.
C. Polycythemia refers to an abnormal increase in red blood cells, which is a compensatory mechanism for chronic hypoxia.
D. Pancytopenia is a decrease in all types of blood cells, not an increase in one specific type.

A. Pitting edema B. Paroxysmal noctural dyspnea C. JVD D. Crackles in the lungs E. Pink, Frothy sputum

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Pitting edema is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure, where blood backs up in the systemic venous system, leading to fluid accumulation in the extremities. While it can occur in left- sided heart failure due to secondary effects on right-sided heart function, it is not a primary feature.
B. This is a common symptom of left-sided heart failure. It refers to sudden, severe shortness of breath that occurs at night, often causing the patient to wake up gasping for air. It is due to fluid accumulation in the lungs when lying flat, which worsens the patient’s breathing.
C. JVD is typically associated with right-sided heart failure. It occurs when blood backs up into the veins of the neck. In left-sided heart failure, this is not a primary symptom, though it can appear if left-sided heart failure progresses to affect the right side of the heart.
D. Crackles (or rales) are often heard during auscultation of the lungs in patients with left-sided heart failure. They are caused by fluid accumulation in the alveoli and are a direct result of pulmonary congestion.

E. This is a classic and severe symptom of left-sided heart failure, specifically associated with acute pulmonary edema. It occurs due to significant fluid leakage from the capillaries into the alveoli, mixing with air to create the pink, frothy appearance.

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You are caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. The patient is upset and states "How could this happen? I eat a vegan diet and get plenty of exercise". What is your BEST response?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

COPD is known to cause decreased levels of Oxygen saturation in the blood. This chronic hypoxemia can lead to the body to compensate and produce more Red Blood Cells (RBCs) which increases the Hematocrit. This result is called:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which of the following would be expected findings in a patient experiencing Left-sided heart failure?

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

What two diseases comprise COPD?

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You are caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. The patient is upset and states "How could this happen? I eat a vegan diet and get plenty of exercise". What is your BEST response?