D. Schizophrenia is typically diagnosed in young adulthood, usually in the late teens to early twenties, although it can also occur later in life. Symptoms often emerge during this period of development, characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior.

B. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) can affect individuals of any age, including children. While treatment approaches may vary depending on the age of the individual and their specific needs, one aspect that remains consistent across age groups is the importance of assessing for thoughts of self-harm or suicidal ideation.

A. Nursing interventions for dissociative identity disorder (DID) can be diverse and tailored to the individual needs of the patient, regardless of age. While managing DID in children may present some unique challenges compared to adults, it doesn't mean that nursing interventions are limited. This option may not provide helpful information to the guardian seeking guidance.

C. Treatment outcomes for DID can vary widely depending on various factors, including the severity of symptoms, the presence of comorbid conditions, the quality of therapeutic interventions, and the individual's support system. While some older individuals may respond well to treatment, age alone is not a determining factor in treatment outcomes.

D. Dissociative identity disorder can occur in both children and adults, and psychiatric medication may be prescribed to individuals of any age depending on the severity of symptoms and individual treatment plans. Medication is often used to manage comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety, or mood disorders that commonly co- occur with DID.

A. When a nurse observes illegal or unethical behavior, such as stealing narcotics, it is their ethical and legal responsibility to report the incident promptly to the appropriate authorities.

B. While it's important to encourage the coworker to seek treatment for their substance abuse issue, withholding reporting of the incident compromises patient safety and violates organizational policies and legal obligations. It's essential to report the incident regardless of the coworker's actions afterward.

C. Reporting the incident to other RNs on the shift may not be sufficient action to address the seriousness of the situation. While it's important for colleagues to be aware of potential risks to patient safety, the primary responsibility lies with reporting the incident to the appropriate authorities within the organization.

D. Agreeing not to report the incident in exchange for the coworker promising to report themselves to the supervisor is not an appropriate course of action. It's essential to follow established reporting protocols and ensure that the incident is documented and addressed through the appropriate channels to protect patient safety and uphold professional standards.

Delusions, hallucinations, and alterations in speech are characteristic symptoms of psychosis, which can occur in various psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Dopamine antagonists, also known as antipsychotic medications, are the primary pharmacological treatment for psychosis.

A Mood stabilizers are primarily used to manage mood swings in conditions like bipolar disorder. While they can help stabilize mood, they are not typically the first-line treatment for psychotic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations.

B. SSRIs are antidepressant medications that primarily target serotonin levels in the brain. They are used to treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, and some other mood disorders.

D. Benzodiazepines are a class of medications primarily used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures.

A. Dissociative amnesia involves difficulty remembering important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting. In the case of a client who has been sexually assaulted and is having difficulty remembering events related to the assault, dissociative amnesia is the likely experience.

B. Depersonalization/derealization disorder involves persistent feelings of detachment from oneself or one's surroundings. While this condition can occur in response to trauma, it typically involves a sense of detachment rather than memory loss.

C. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) involves the presence of two or more distinct personality states, each with its own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the world.

D. Factitious disorder involves the deliberate falsification or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms in oneself. It is not directly related to memory loss or difficulty remembering events.

A. Interpersonal therapy (IPT) focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social functioning, which is crucial for individuals with avoidant personality disorder. This therapy helps clients work through feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and fear of rejection, aiming to enhance their ability to connect with others and improve their social skills.

B. Antipsychotic medications are primarily used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychotic features. They are not the first-line treatment for avoidant personality disorder.

C. While DBT is useful for emotional regulation and has applications in various personality disorders, it is primarily designed for borderline personality disorder and may not be the first choice for avoidant personality disorder.

D Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that emphasizes acceptance and change strategies.

C. This statement indicates an understanding of the needs of clients who are part of vulnerable populations because it demonstrates an awareness of the importance of client-centered care. Addressing the problem that the client believes is the most significant acknowledges the client's autonomy, respects their perspective, and ensures that their needs are prioritized.

A. This statement suggests a narrow focus on the immediate reason for the client's visit. While addressing the client's presenting concern is important, a limited assessment may overlook underlying issues or social determinants of health that could impact the client's well-being.

B. While privacy is important, asking clients for income or financial information may be necessary to assess their eligibility for financial assistance programs or to understand socioeconomic factors that may impact their health and access to care.

D. This statement suggests overlooking the importance of cultural competence in nursing practice. Cultural traditions, beliefs, and practices can significantly influence a client's health beliefs, behaviors, and preferences for care.

D. Alcohol withdrawal is characterized by a range of symptoms that can vary in severity. Some common symptoms include increased heart rate (tachycardia), sweating, tremors, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, and agitation.

A. Alcohol withdrawal is more commonly associated with increased blood pressure rather than decreased blood pressure. Nausea can be a symptom of alcohol withdrawal, particularly in the early stages, but it is not necessarily a defining characteristic.

B. Constipation and pupil constriction are not typically associated with alcohol withdrawal. These symptoms are more commonly seen with opioid withdrawal.

C Bone and muscle aches are common symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. They can occur as a result of the body's reaction to the sudden cessation of alcohol intake and the associated changes in neurotransmitter levels.

C. This statement emphasizes a crucial aspect of relapse prevention in substance use disorder treatment. Relapses are common in the recovery process and should not be seen as failures but rather as opportunities for learning and growth.

A. Relapses are common in the course of recovery from substance use disorders and do not necessarily indicate failure.

B. Relapse is not solely a result of willpower or lack thereof. It involves various factors, including biological, psychological, social, and environmental influences.

D. Relapses are common in the journey of recovery from substance use disorders, especially in the early stages when individuals are still learning to navigate triggers and develop coping strategies.

A. While it's important to gather relevant information about the assault, asking open-ended questions about the perpetrator may not be the most appropriate approach initially.

B. Speaking softly helps to convey empathy and can make the client feel more comfortable and less threatened.

C. Direct eye contact can be perceived as intrusive or threatening, especially for individuals who have experienced trauma such as sexual assault.

D. Sitting next to the client rather than directly across can create a more relaxed and less intimidating atmosphere. This approach can help establish a sense of partnership and support, making the client feel more at ease.