Hesi rn nutrition wgu

Question 1: View

The nurse is administering a client's medications through a feeding tube. One of the medications is an enteric-coated tablet. Which action would be best for the nurse to take?

A. Insert a portion of the tablet into the tube and apply gentle pressure. B. Consult with the pharmacist about a liquid form of the medication C. Dissolve the medication in sterile water and use gravity to administer. D. Crush the medication and dilute with water before pouring into the tube.

Explanation

A. Inserting a portion of the tablet into the tube and applying gentle pressure may not ensure proper dissolution, potentially leading to clogging or incomplete administration.
B. Consulting with the pharmacist about a liquid form of the medication is the best course of action. Enteric-coated tablets are formulated to release the medication in the small intestine, and crushing or dissolving them can alter their effectiveness or cause irritation.
C. Dissolving the medication in sterile water and using gravity to administer may not adequately address the enteric coating, risking medication inefficacy or irritation.
D. Crushing the medication and diluting it with water before pouring into the tube is not recommended for enteric-coated tablets, as it may compromise their effectiveness and lead to adverse effects.

Question 2: View

A client with hemorrhoids tells the nurse they understand the need to avoid eating nuts and seeds to prevent inflammation. How should the nurse respond?

A. Suggest that the client also avoid fruit skins. B. Confirm that these foods should be avoided. C. Encourage soft foods such as yogurt. D. Explain the benefits of a high fiber diet.

Explanation

A. Suggesting that the client also avoid fruit skins may not directly address the concern about nuts and seeds, potentially causing confusion.
B. Confirming that these foods should be avoided validates the client's understanding and reinforces the importance of dietary modifications to prevent inflammation associated with hemorrhoids.
C. Encouraging soft foods such as yogurt is beneficial for easing bowel movements, but it does not specifically address the need to avoid nuts and seeds.
D. Explaining the benefits of a high fiber diet is important for overall bowel health, but it does not directly address the client's concern about avoiding specific foods that may aggravate
hemorrhoids.

Question 3: View

Which meal selection by a client who is lacto-ovo-vegetarian indicates to the nurse that the client understands the use of complete proteins in the diet?

A. Baked acorn squash, whole grain rolls, and lemonade. B. Sun-dried tomatoes with wheat pasta and iced tea. C. Whole wheat peanut butter sandwich, banana, and milk. D. Lentil soup with wild rice and orange-pineapple juice.

Explanation

A. While acorn squash and whole grain rolls are nutritious, they do not provide complete proteins.
B. Sun-dried tomatoes and wheat pasta are rich in carbohydrates but lack complete proteins.

C. A whole wheat peanut butter sandwich, combined with milk, provides complementary proteins, as peanut butter is rich in essential amino acids that complement those found in milk.
D. Lentils and wild rice are excellent sources of protein and carbohydrates, respectively, but they do not provide complete proteins when consumed individually.

Question 4: View

In reviewing the dietary teaching for a young adult client with hyperthyroidism, the nurse learns that the client has increased the intake of protein and calories. Which action should the nurse take?

A. Advise the client to include aerobic exercise along with dietary changes. B. Emphasize the need to reduce caloric intake, rather than increasing it. C. Instruct the client to also increase the daily intake of dietary fiber. D. Encourage the client to continue these changes in a dietary plan. E. None F. None

Explanation

Rationale for A: Advising the client to include aerobic exercise could be beneficial as it may help in weight management and overall health. However, it does not directly address the dietary concerns associated with hyperthyroidism.
Rationale for B: Reducing caloric intake is generally not recommended for hyperthyroidism as the condition often leads to weight loss and increased metabolism; therefore, patients may require more calories to maintain a healthy weight.
Rationale for C: Increasing dietary fiber is beneficial for general health and can aid digestion, but it is not the primary dietary change needed for managing hyperthyroidism.
Rationale for D: Encouraging the client to continue increasing protein and caloric intake is appropriate, as hyperthyroidism can cause weight loss and muscle wasting. Adequate protein and caloric intake can help mitigate these effects.

Question 5: View

After reviewing a client's intake and output record for the last eight hours, the nurse calculates the client's current fluid balance as how many mL? (Enter numeric value only).

0730-6 ounces of apple juice, oatmeal, and toast 0830-voided 250 mL

0900 1 cup of water

1200 1 cup of soup, grilled cheese sandwich, and 6 ounces of tea 1300 vomitus of 150 mL

1400 voided 250 mL

1430-12 ounces of carbonated beverage

Explanation

6 ounces of apple juice = 177 mL (1 ounce = 29.57 mL)
1 cup of water = 240 mL (1 cup = 240 mL)
1 cup of soup = 240 mL
6 ounces of tea = 177 mL
12 ounces of carbonated beverage = 355 mL

Total intake: 177 + 240 + 240 + 177 + 355 = 1189 mL

Total output:

Voided at 0830 = 250 mL
Vomitus at 1300 = 150 mL
Voided at 1400 = 250 mL

Total output: 250 + 150 + 250 = 650 mL

Fluid balance: Total intake - Total output = 1189 - 650 = 539 mL

Therefore, the client's current fluid balance is 539 mL.

Question 6: View

A client with diabetes mellitus tells the nurse of using cranberry juice to help prevent urinary tract infections. Which instruction should the nurse provide?

A. "Be sure to drink sugar-free cranberry juice." B. "Excess cranberry juice can be constipating." C. "Drinking cranberry juice does not prevent infection." D. "Cranberries may increase the effect of insulin."

Explanation

A. "Be sure to drink sugar-free cranberry juice." This is important advice for a client with diabetes because regular cranberry juice often contains high levels of added sugars, which can cause blood sugar levels to spike. Choosing sugar-free options helps manage blood glucose
levels more effectively.

B. "Excess cranberry juice can be constipating." Cranberry juice is not typically associated with causing constipation. This statement is less relevant to the client's concern about preventing urinary tract infections.
C. "Drinking cranberry juice does not prevent infection." While cranberry juice is not a guaranteed method to prevent UTIs, it is believed to help reduce the risk of infections by preventing bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract. Thus, this statement is partially incorrect.
D. "Cranberries may increase the effect of insulin." There is no substantial evidence to suggest that cranberries significantly alter the effect of insulin. This statement is not a typical concern associated with cranberry juice consumption.

Question 7: View

The nurse is planning a nutrition class for vegans. Which food should the nurse encourage to be combined with other foods to enhance the nutritional intake in the vegan diet?

A. Cheese products. B. Egg white products. C. Soybean products. D. Shellfish products.

Explanation

A. Cheese products. Vegans do not consume any animal products, including dairy, so cheese products are not suitable for a vegan diet.
B. Egg white products. Vegans avoid all animal-derived foods, including eggs, so egg white products are also not suitable.
C. Soybean products. Soybeans are a versatile plant-based protein source that can be used in various forms such as tofu, tempeh, and edamame. These products are essential in a vegan diet as they provide a good source of protein and other nutrients that might otherwise be lacking.
D. Shellfish products. Vegans do not consume any animal products, including shellfish, making this option inappropriate for a vegan diet.

Question 8: View

A client with glomerulonephritis is preparing for discharge and asks the nurse which kind of diet to follow upon returning home. Which dietary teaching should the nurse include in the discharge instructions?

A. Follow low carbohydrate diet with low glycemic index foods. B. Eat a high protein diet three times a day. C. Avoid foods high in potassium. D. Restrict sodium rich foods and excessive oral fluids.

Explanation

A. Follow low carbohydrate diet with low glycemic index foods. This recommendation is more appropriate for managing diabetes rather than glomerulonephritis. Carbohydrate and glycemic index considerations are not the primary dietary concerns for glomerulonephritis patients.
B. Eat a high protein diet three times a day. In glomerulonephritis, kidney function is impaired, and a high protein diet can exacerbate the condition by increasing the workload on the kidneys. Protein intake should often be moderated, not increased.
C. Avoid foods high in potassium. While potassium management may be relevant in certain cases of kidney disease, it is not the primary dietary focus for glomerulonephritis unless hyperkalemia is a specific issue.
D. Restrict sodium rich foods and excessive oral fluids. Reducing sodium intake helps prevent fluid retention and hypertension, both of which can be problematic in glomerulonephritis. Controlling fluid intake also helps manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with impaired kidney function.

Question 9: View

The nurse has determined that a client with periodontitis is not consuming an adequate intake to meet nutritional requirements. Which etiology should the nurse identify for this problem?

A. Nausea. B. Altered taste sensation. C. Fatigue. D. Pain when eating.

Explanation

A. Nausea. While nausea can affect appetite and food intake, it is not specifically linked to periodontitis. It is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal issues or other systemic conditions.
B. Altered taste sensation. Altered taste can impact food intake, but it is not a primary issue in periodontitis. Periodontitis primarily affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth.
C. Fatigue. Fatigue can reduce overall energy levels and appetite, but it is not directly related to the localized effects of periodontitis.
D. Pain when eating. Periodontitis causes inflammation and pain in the gums, which can make eating difficult and uncomfortable. This pain is the most direct and relevant reason for
inadequate nutritional intake in a client with periodontitis.

Question 10: View

A malnourished child is receiving several nutritional supplements. Which statement by the child indicates that an adequate amount of Vitamin A is being provided?

A. "The bruises on my arms are all gone." B. "My feet don't tingle like they used to." C. "My tummy seems so much smaller now." D. "I can see at night when I wake up now."

Explanation

A. "The bruises on my arms are all gone." This statement is more indicative of adequate Vitamin C intake, as Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound healing, which can affect bruising.
B. "My feet don't tingle like they used to." Tingling in the extremities is often associated with deficiencies in B vitamins, particularly B12, rather than Vitamin A.
C. "My tummy seems so much smaller now." This statement does not directly relate to Vitamin A status. It could refer to a variety of other health improvements or conditions.
D. "I can see at night when I wake up now." Night vision improvement is a classic sign of adequate Vitamin A intake, as Vitamin A is crucial for the maintenance of normal vision, particularly in low-light conditions.