Choice A reason: This statement is false. If the client develops facial swelling, which is a sign of angioedema, she should stop taking the medication and seek emergency care. Reducing the dose will not prevent a life-threatening reaction.

Choice B reason: This statement is true. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which can cause fetal harm or death if taken during pregnancy. The client should use effective contraception and inform the provider if she plans to conceive or suspects pregnancy.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. Captopril can be taken with or without food, but it should not be taken with milk or dairy products, as they can reduce its absorption and effectiveness.

Choice D reason: This statement is false. Captopril may cause a dry cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia, or renal impairment, but it is unlikely to cause anaphylaxis. An epi pen is not indicated for this medication.

Choice A reason: This statement is false. Labetalol is a beta-blocker that can be used to treat hypertension, angina, and heart failure after a myocardial infarction. It can reduce the risk of mortality and recurrent events in these clients.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. Labetalol is not contraindicated in smokers, although smoking can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs. The client should be advised to quit smoking for better health outcomes.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. Labetalol is one of the preferred drugs for treating hypertension in pregnancy, as it has a low risk of adverse effects on the fetus and the mother. It can prevent complications such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, and fetal growth restriction.

Choice D reason: This statement is true. Labetalol is contraindicated in clients with asthma, as it can cause bronchoconstriction and exacerbate respiratory symptoms. It can also mask the signs of hypoglycemia in diabetic clients. The nurse should question the order and suggest an alternative drug for this client.

Choice A reason: This statement is true. When mixing NPH and regular insulin, the nurse should instruct the client to withdraw air into the NPH vial first, then into the regular vial, and then withdraw the regular insulin first, followed by the NPH insulin. This prevents contamination of the regular insulin by the NPH insulin.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. NPH and regular insulin can be mixed together in the same syringe, as long as the correct order of drawing up is followed. This reduces the number of injections and improves compliance.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. The client should test blood glucose at least once a day, or more frequently if indicated, while taking these meds. This helps to monitor the effectiveness and safety of the insulin therapy and adjust the dosage accordingly.

Choice D reason: This statement is false. The client should take these meds 15 to 30 minutes before meals, not on an empty stomach 2 hours before breakfast. This ensures that the peak action of the regular insulin coincides with the postprandial rise in blood glucose.

Choice A reason: This statement is false. The client does not need to wear light clothing or avoid hot showers after receiving radioactive iodine. However, the client should avoid close contact with others, especially children and pregnant women, for a few days to prevent radiation exposure.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. The procedure is unlikely to leave the client infertile, as the dose of radioactive iodine is low and does not affect the reproductive organs. However, the client should avoid pregnancy for at least 6 months after the procedure, as a precaution.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. The client does not need to avoid caffeinated beverages after receiving radioactive iodine. However, the client should drink plenty of fluids to flush out the excess iodine from the body.

Choice D reason: This statement is true. The procedure is very likely to cause hypothyroidism, as the radioactive iodine destroys the thyroid cells that produce thyroid hormones. The client will need to take thyroid hormone replacement therapy for the rest of their life to prevent symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and depression.

Choice A reason: This statement is false. The nurse should not delay the administration of digoxin based on the heart rate alone, unless it is below 60 beats per minute. The nurse should also consider the serum potassium level, which is low in this case and increases the risk of digoxin toxicity.

Choice B reason: This statement is true. The nurse should hold the digoxin and call the MD, as the client has a low potassium level, which can potentiate the effects of digoxin and cause arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, or visual disturbances. The MD may order a serum digoxin level, potassium supplementation, or a dose adjustment.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. The nurse does not need to call the prescriber and ask for a chest x-ray, as this is not relevant to the digoxin order. A chest x-ray may be indicated to assess the severity of heart failure, but it does not affect the decision to administer digoxin.

Choice D reason: This statement is false. The nurse should not give the digoxin as ordered, as the client has a low potassium level, which can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should hold the digoxin and call the MD for further instructions..

Choice A reason: This statement is false. INR level is not a priority assessment for a patient receiving digoxin, as digoxin is not an anticoagulant. INR level is used to monitor the effects of warfarin, which is a different medication.

Choice B reason:The apical heart rate is the priority assessment for patients receiving digoxin. Digoxin slows conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node and strengthens cardiac contractions. It can cause bradycardia, particularly if the heart rate drops below 60 beats per minute. Monitoring the apical heart rate ensures that digoxin is safe to administer. If bradycardia is detected, the dose should be withheld, and the prescribing provider should be notified.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. Blood pressure is not a priority assessment for a patient receiving digoxin, as digoxin does not have a significant effect on blood pressure. Blood pressure is more relevant for other medications used to treat heart failure, such as diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or beta-blockers.

Choice D reason: While monitoring temperature is part of a comprehensive assessment, it is not directly relevant to digoxin administration. Fever might indicate infection, which could exacerbate heart failure, but it is not a priority assessment for digoxin therapy.

Choice A reason: This statement is false. Glucagon is not a drug that the nurse should assess prior to sending the client to radiology, as glucagon is used to treat severe hypoglycemia, which is unlikely to occur during the procedure. Glucagon is an injectable hormone that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. Famotidine is not a drug that the nurse should assess prior to sending the client to radiology, as famotidine is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, or gastritis, which are not related to the procedure. Famotidine is an oral medication that reduces the production of stomach acid by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach.

Choice C reason: This statement is true. Metformin is a drug that the nurse should assess prior to sending the client to radiology, as metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes, which can interact with the contrast dye used in the procedure. Metformin is an oral medication that lowers blood glucose levels by decreasing the absorption of glucose in the intestines, increasing the uptake of glucose in the muscles, and reducing the production of glucose in the liver. However, metformin can also cause lactic acidosis, a serious condition that occurs when there is too much acid in the blood. The contrast dye can impair the kidney function and increase the risk of lactic acidosis. Therefore, the nurse should check the client's renal function tests and inform the radiologist if the client is taking metformin. The client may need to stop taking metformin before and after the procedure, depending on the instructions from the prescriber.

Choice D reason: This statement is false. Forge is not a drug that the nurse should assess prior to sending the client to radiology, as forge is not a real medication. It is a misspelling of Forxiga, which is another oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Forxiga works by increasing the excretion of glucose in the urine by inhibiting a protein called sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in the kidneys. Forxiga does not have a significant interaction with the contrast dye, but the nurse should still monitor the client's blood glucose levels and hydration status before and after the procedure.

To find the rate in mL/hr, we need to convert the time from minutes to hours and then divide the volume by the time. Here are the steps:

1. Convert 30 minutes to hours:

30 minutes/ (60 minutes/hour)= 0.5 hours

2. Calculate the rate in mL/hr:

250 mL/ 0.5 hours = 500 mL

So, the nurse will set the pump to deliver the fluid at a rate of 500 mL/hr.

Choice A reason: This statement is false. Atorvastatin is not a medication that the nurse should hold, as it is used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular events. It does not have a significant effect on blood pressure, heart rate, or blood glucose.

Choice B reason: This statement is true. Captopril is a medication that the nurse should hold, as it is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that lowers blood pressure and prevents kidney damage. However, it can also cause hyperkalemia, which is a condition where the potassium level is too high. The client has a high potassium level, which can cause cardiac arrhythmias or muscle weakness. The nurse should hold the captopril and notify the prescriber.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. Atenolol is not a medication that the nurse should hold, as it is a beta-blocker that lowers blood pressure and heart rate. It can also prevent angina and reduce the risk of heart attack. The client has a normal heart rate and a slightly elevated blood pressure, which can be expected after surgery. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs and administer the atenolol as ordered.

Choice D reason: This statement is false. Glipizide is not a medication that the nurse should hold, as it is an oral antidiabetic drug that lowers blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. The client has a normal blood glucose level, which can be maintained by taking the glipizide as ordered. The nurse should also encourage the client to follow a balanced diet and exercise regimen.

Choice A reason: This statement is true. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid getting up without assistance, as hydralazine can cause orthostatic hypotension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure when changing positions. This can lead to dizziness, fainting, or falls.

Choice B reason: This statement is false. The nurse does not need to monitor the heart rate with this medication, as hydralazine is not a cardiac drug. Hydralazine is a vasodilator that relaxes the blood vessels and lowers the blood pressure. However, the nurse should monitor the blood pressure and adjust the dose accordingly.

Choice C reason: This statement is false. The nurse does not need to alter the medication with birth control, as hydralazine does not have a significant interaction with hormonal contraceptives. However, the nurse should advise the client to inform the prescriber if they are pregnant or planning to conceive, as hydralazine may have some effects on the fetus.

Choice D reason: This statement is false. The nurse does not need to report a dry cough, as hydralazine does not cause this side effect. A dry cough is more common with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are another class of antihypertensive drugs.