(1 point). Listen.
Which of the following events initiates the process of atherosclerosis?

Oxidation of LDL in the vessel wall.

Formation of the fatty streak in the tunica media.

Thrombosis in the vessel lumen.

Endothelial injury and release of cytokines.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Atherosclerosis is a complex process that involves the buildup of fatty deposits (atherosclerotic plaques) in the inner lining of arteries. The process is initiated by the oxidation of LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol in the vessel wall. LDL cholesterol can become oxidized and trigger an inflammatory response in the endothelium, leading to the recruitment of immune cells and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.

Choice B rationale:

The formation of a fatty streak in the tunica media is not the initial event that initiates atherosclerosis. Fatty streaks are a hallmark of early atherosclerosis but are a consequence of the inflammatory process triggered by the oxidation of LDL cholesterol.

Choice C rationale:

Thrombosis in the vessel lumen can be a complication of atherosclerosis but is not the primary event that initiates the atherosclerotic process.

Choice D rationale:

Endothelial injury and the release of cytokines are part of the inflammatory response that follows the initiation of atherosclerosis. However, the primary event that triggers atherosclerosis is the oxidation of LDL cholesterol in the vessel wall.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Mitral valve prolapse is an autosomal dominant condition. If a patient's history indicates that cardiac valve disease is autosomal dominant, the nurse is likely to find a diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse in the patient's chart. Mitral valve prolapse is a condition where the mitral valve doesn't close properly, allowing blood to flow back into the left atrium.

Choice B rationale:

Pulmonary stenosis is not typically associated with autosomal dominant inheritance. It's more commonly associated with sporadic genetic mutations or other non-genetic factors.

Choice C rationale:

Tricuspid regurgitation is not usually an autosomal dominant condition. Like pulmonary stenosis, it's often caused by other factors rather than being directly related to genetic inheritance.

Choice D rationale:

Aortic stenosis is not typically an autosomal dominant condition. It's more commonly related to age-related degeneration or other non-genetic factors.

A. Systolic pressure between 130-139 mmHg and diastolic pressure between 80-89 mmHg. B. Systolic pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. C. Systolic pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg. D. Systolic pressure between 120-129 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

A systolic pressure between 130-139 mmHg and diastolic pressure between 80-89 mmHg is not considered normal. It falls within the range of prehypertension according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7), which classifies normal blood pressure as systolic pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg. The rationale for this choice is that the range provided does not align with the current standards for normal blood pressure.

Choice B rationale:

The correct answer is choice B because a systolic pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and a diastolic pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg are indicative of hypertension, as per the JNC 7 guidelines. Normal blood pressure is defined as systolic pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and requires medical attention and lifestyle modifications to manage. The rationale for this choice is that it correctly identifies the threshold for hypertension, which is crucial for patient assessment and care.

Choice C rationale:

A systolic pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg is indeed considered normal, according to JNC 7 guidelines. However, this choice does not provide an accurate representation of the guidelines as it lacks a systolic pressure range between 120 and 129 mmHg. This gap in the guidelines would lead to confusion when categorizing blood pressure, and the answer is therefore not correct.

Choice D rationale:

A systolic pressure between 120-129 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg is categorized as elevated blood pressure, not normal. The JNC 7 guidelines clearly specify that normal blood pressure falls below 120 mmHg systolic and below 80 mmHg diastolic. This range is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and should not be considered normal. The rationale for this choice is that it provides an inaccurate representation of normal blood pressure as per the guidelines.

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(1 point). Listen.Which of the following events initiates the process of atherosclerosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

(1 point). Listen.If a patient's history indicates that the cardiac valve disease is autosomal dominant, which diagnosis will the nurse observe written in the chart?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

(1 point):. Which guideline should the nurse use to determine normal blood pressure in a patient?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

(1 point). Listen.A nurse is discussing the substance that mediates arteriolar remodeling in hypertension.Which substance is the nurse describing?

A nurse is receiving change-of-shift report for four clients.Which of the following clients should the nurse see first?

If a patient has secondary hypertension, the nurse realizes that the patient has an abnormal blood pressure caused by:.

(1 point). Listen.While reading the history, the nurse notices that the patient has stenosis of a heart valve.How does the nurse interpret this finding? The valve:.

(1 point). Listen.Over time, if a patient has sustained hypertension, which complication should the nurse expect in this patient?

(1 point). Listen.A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of acute rheumatic fever.Which information should the nurse include? Acute rheumatic fever is a result of an acute, abnormal immune response to group A streptococcal cell membrane antigens called:.

(1 point). Listen.If a person stands for long periods of time, causing blood to pool in superficial veins, which condition should the nurse assess for?

(1 point). Listen.A nurse is assisting the primary care provider to determine if a patient had a myocardial infarction.Which laboratory values should the nurse check?

(1 point). Listen.
Which of the following events initiates the process of atherosclerosis?