What appropriately describes innate immunity?
The general pathogen fighting system people are born with that does not change over time
The process in which endothelial cells are separated away from each other, making the capillaries larger
The process by which the body automatically reacts to tissue injured by trauma or bacteria
The set of proteins that enhance the ability of the body to initiate the inflammatory response, attack a pathogen, and remove damaged cell material
The Correct Answer is A
A. The general pathogen fighting system people are born with that does not change over time:
Innate immunity is nonspecific, present at birth, and provides immediate defense without adapting to specific pathogens.
B. The process in which endothelial cells are separated away from each other, making the capillaries larger:
This describes vascular permeability, a component of inflammation, not a definition of innate immunity.
C. The process by which the body automatically reacts to tissue injured by trauma or bacteria:
This describes the inflammatory response, which is a mechanism of innate immunity, but not the full definition of innate immunity itself.
D. The set of proteins that enhance the ability of the body to initiate the inflammatory response, attack a pathogen, and remove damaged cell material:
This describes the complement system, which is part of innate immunity, but again, it is not the complete definition of innate immunity.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Cerebral aneurysm:
A cerebral aneurysm involves a bulging blood vessel in the brain, which could lead to rupture and bleeding. It is not associated with tremors or bradykinesia.
B. Multiple sclerosis:
MS involves demyelination causing muscle weakness and visual disturbances, but not primarily tremors and bradykinesia.
C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS):
ALS affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, but does not typically present with tremors or benefit from deep brain stimulation.
D. Parkinson disease:
Parkinson disease features tremors, bradykinesia (slow movements), and abnormal gait. Deep brain stimulation is an advanced therapy for symptom management in Parkinson’s.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A callus that forms on an ossicle:
No callus forms on the ossicles with cerumen impaction. Ossicle problems (like otosclerosis) involve bone remodeling, not wax.
B. Inflammation of the innermost part of the ear:
This describes labyrinthitis or inner ear infections, not cerumen impaction.
C. Blockage of the ear canal due to built-up ear wax:
Cerumen impaction is the accumulation of earwax blocking the external ear canal, leading to symptoms like hearing loss or fullness.
D. Accumulation of skin cells behind the tympanic membrane or within the mastoid bone:
This describes a cholesteatoma, not cerumen impaction.
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