A 23-year-old patient is diagnosed with myoclonic seizures. Which of the following characteristics is most indicative of this type of seizure?

Staring spells with a brief loss of awareness

Sudden, brief involuntary muscle jerks typically occurring on both sides of the body.

Loss of consciousness followed by a period of confusion.

Prolonged muscle contractions lasting several minutes.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Staring spells with a brief loss of awareness are characteristic of absence seizures, not myoclonic seizures.
B.   Myoclonic seizures involve sudden, brief, involuntary muscle jerks that typically occur on both sides of the body, which is the key characteristic for this type of seizure.
C.   Loss of consciousness followed by confusion is characteristic of tonic-clonic or focal seizures, not myoclonic seizures.
D.   Prolonged muscle contractions lasting several minutes describe a tonic seizure, which is distinct from myoclonic seizures.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Encouraging the patient to relax and breathe deeply does not address the immediate concerns of potential hemorrhage.
B. An abdominal ultrasound is not the first step in managing potential GI bleeding; stabilization is the priority.
C. Proton pump inhibitors are important for managing peptic ulcer disease, but the immediate priority is
stabilizing the patient’s condition.
D. Initiating IV access and administering fluids as prescribed is essential to stabilize the patient, manage shock, and address potential blood loss from gastrointestinal bleeding.

A. Administer an anti-diarrheal medication as prescribed to control the symptoms. B. Increase the water flushes to improve hydration and dilute the feeding solution. C. Switch the feeding tube to a bolus feeding method instead of continuous feeding. D. Decrease the feeding rate and consult the dietitian for a fiber-enriched formula.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Administering an anti-diarrheal medication as prescribed might help control the symptoms, but it is important to address the underlying cause of the diarrhea first, such as adjusting the feeding.
B. Increasing water flushes may help with hydration, but it does not specifically address the diarrhea caused by the enteral feeding. It's more important to manage the feeding itself.
C. Switching the feeding method to bolus feeding could increase the risk of aspiration and discomfort. Continuous feeding is generally safer and better tolerated in this context.
D. Decreasing the feeding rate and consulting the dietitian for a fiber-enriched formula is the most appropriate response. Adjusting the feeding rate can help reduce gastrointestinal upset, and a fiber- enriched formula can help firm up stools.

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A 23-year-old patient is diagnosed with myoclonic seizures. Which of the following characteristics is most indicative of this type of seizure?

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