A 23-year-old patient is diagnosed with myoclonic seizures. Which of the following characteristics is most indicative of this type of seizure?

Staring spells with a brief loss of awareness

Sudden, brief involuntary muscle jerks typically occurring on both sides of the body.

Loss of consciousness followed by a period of confusion.

Prolonged muscle contractions lasting several minutes.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Staring spells with a brief loss of awareness are characteristic of absence seizures, not myoclonic seizures.
B.   Myoclonic seizures involve sudden, brief, involuntary muscle jerks that typically occur on both sides of the body, which is the key characteristic for this type of seizure.
C.   Loss of consciousness followed by confusion is characteristic of tonic-clonic or focal seizures, not myoclonic seizures.
D.   Prolonged muscle contractions lasting several minutes describe a tonic seizure, which is distinct from myoclonic seizures.

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Correct Answer is ["E","F"]

Explanation

A. Frequent headaches can be a symptom of hypertension but are not specific to poorly managed hypertension.
B. Blood pressure consistently at goal indicates good management of hypertension.
C. Normal renal function tests suggest that there has been no damage to the kidneys, a common consequence of poorly controlled hypertension.
D. Steady weight with no recent gain suggests good management of overall health, which can contribute to better blood pressure control.
E. Proteinuria indicates kidney damage, often a result of uncontrolled hypertension.
F. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a sign of chronic hypertension and indicates poor management, as it results from the heart working harder to pump blood against increased pressure.
G. Absence of retinal changes on fundoscopic exam indicates that there is no evidence of hypertensive retinopathy, suggesting good hypertension management.

A. Loss of urine during laughing or sneezing B. Constant dribbling of urine despite frequent urination C. Frequent urination at night with a strong urge D. Sudden and intense urge to urinate followed by loss of urine

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A. Loss of urine during laughing or sneezing is typically associated with stress incontinence, not overflow or functional incontinence.
B. Constant dribbling of urine despite frequent urination is a hallmark of overflow incontinence, often caused by an underactive bladder or obstruction.
C. Frequent urination at night with a strong urge is more characteristic of urge incontinence.
D. Sudden and intense urge to urinate followed by loss of urine is also indicative of urge incontinence.
E. Inability to access the toilet in time due to physical limitations, such as arthritis, is common in functional incontinence, where the person is unable to reach the bathroom in time despite normal bladder function.

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A 23-year-old patient is diagnosed with myoclonic seizures. Which of the following characteristics is most indicative of this type of seizure?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 60-year-old patient with a history of hypertension presents to the clinic for a routine check-up. Which of the following findings would indicate poor management of hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["E","F"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

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