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A 68-year-old male patient presents with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which findings are consistent with BPH?
(Select All that Apply.)

Nocturia

Fever and chills

Increased urinary frequency

Hesitancy in starting urine flow

Hematuria

Abdominal distension

Decreased urinary stream

Flank pain

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,G

A.   Nocturia (frequent urination at night) is a common symptom of BPH due to increased urinary retention and urgency.
B.   Fever and chills are not associated with BPH; these symptoms suggest an infection or other underlying condition.
C.   Increased urinary frequency is a key symptom of BPH due to pressure on the urethra, making it more difficult to empty the bladder completely.
D.   Hesitancy in starting urine flow is common in BPH due to the obstruction of the urethra by the enlarged prostate.
E.   Hematuria is not a typical finding of BPH, though it can sometimes occur if the prostate is irritated.
F.   Abdominal distension is not typically associated with BPH.
G.   Decreased urinary stream is often observed in BPH because the enlarged prostate compresses the urethra, making urination difficult.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A. Using sterile water is recommended for flushing the tube before and after feeding, but it is not the most critical step in preventing complications.
B. Lowering the head of the bed to 15 degrees during feeding may increase the risk of aspiration, as a higher elevation is typically recommended.
C. Changing the feeding bag and tubing every 24 hours helps prevent bacterial contamination and reduces the risk of infection.
D. Checking for residual volume before each feeding helps ensure that the stomach is empty, reducing the risk of aspiration.
E. Adding crushed medications to the enteral formula is not recommended, as it can alter the formula's absorption and cause clogging of the tube.
F. Administering the feeding in a continuous cycle over 24 hours is typically done for certain patients, but it is not essential to prevent complications in all cases.

A. Airway obstruction occurs due to thinning mucus. B. Decreased mucus production contributes to airway constriction. C. Bronchospasm occurs when there is Inflammation, edema, and excess mucus. D. Inflammation is reduced due to airway diameter.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Airway obstruction in asthma is not caused by thinning mucus. It is primarily due to bronchospasm, inflammation, and thickening of the mucus.
B. Decreased mucus production does not contribute to airway constriction in asthma. In fact, excessive mucus production is a key feature of asthma, leading to obstruction of the airways.
C. Bronchospasm in asthma involves inflammation, edema, and excess mucus production. These factors cause narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing.
D. Inflammation leads to airway narrowing, but it does not reduce the airway diameter in the sense of preventing bronchospasm. Bronchospasm occurs as a result of inflammation and muscle contraction.

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A 68-year-old male patient presents with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which findings are consistent with BPH? (Select All that Apply.)

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A 68-year-old male patient presents with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which findings are consistent with BPH?
(Select All that Apply.)