A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL. Based on these findings, what is the most likely type of anemia?

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Aplastic anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

Hemolytic anemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia typically presents with larger red blood cells (high MCV) and neurological symptoms, which are not present in this case.
B.   Aplastic anemia typically results in pancytopenia, and there is no mention of other blood cell line abnormalities.
C.   Iron deficiency anemia is the most likely diagnosis, as it is characterized by low hemoglobin levels and a low MCV (microcytic anemia), which is consistent with the laboratory results.
D.   Hemolytic anemia generally presents with elevated reticulocyte count and jaundice, neither of which are mentioned here.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. A Venturi mask is an accurate way to deliver a specific concentration of oxygen, allowing for precise control.
B. Humidifying oxygen is recommended at flow rates higher than 4 liters per minute to prevent drying of the mucous membranes.
C. Oxygen toxicity can occur if high concentrations of oxygen are administered for prolonged periods, leading to potential lung damage.
D. Nasal cannulas typically provide a lower oxygen concentration than higher-flow devices, like a Venturi mask or non-rebreather mask.
E. Oxygen therapy is not always entirely safe regardless of the patient's condition; certain conditions require careful monitoring to prevent complications.

A. Genetics B. Environmental factors C. Upper respiratory infections D. Autoimmune factors E. Urinary tract infections

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A. Genetics play a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Having a family history of MS increases the risk, suggesting a hereditary component to the condition.
B. Environmental factors, such as living in areas with low sunlight or viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus, have been linked to a higher incidence of MS, suggesting environmental triggers may contribute to disease onset.
C. Upper respiratory infections are not directly associated with the development of multiple sclerosis. While infections may trigger MS flare-ups, they are not primary contributors to its development.
D. Autoimmune factors are central to the pathophysiology of MS, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the central nervous system, causing the characteristic lesions and nerve damage seen in MS.
E. Urinary tract infections are common complications in individuals with MS, but they do not contribute to the disease's development itself.

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A 35-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion. Laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL and a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 70 fL. Based on these findings, what is the most likely type of anemia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing oxygen therapy with a group of new graduates. Which of the following statements indicate a correct understanding of oxygen therapy? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following factors should the nurse anticipate have been identified as contributing to the development of multiple sclerosis? (Select All that Apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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