A 70-year-old patient presents with complaints of visual disturbances. Upon assessment, the patient reports experiencing difficulty reading, seeing faces clearly, and needing more light when performing tasks. What is the most likely clinical manifestation of macular degeneration?
Night blindness
Central vision loss
Peripheral vision loss
Double vision
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A Reason:
Night blindness, or difficulty seeing in low light, is not a primary symptom of macular degeneration. This condition primarily affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. Night blindness is more commonly associated with conditions like retinitis pigmentosa or vitamin A deficiency.
Choice B Reason:
Central vision loss is the hallmark of macular degeneration. This condition leads to the deterioration of the macula, causing blurred or lost central vision while peripheral vision remains intact. Patients often report difficulty reading, recognizing faces, and performing tasks that require fine visual detail3.
Choice C Reason:
Peripheral vision loss is not typically associated with macular degeneration. This condition affects the central part of the retina, leaving peripheral vision largely unaffected. Peripheral vision loss is more commonly seen in conditions like glaucoma.
Choice D Reason:
Double vision, or diplopia, is not a characteristic symptom of macular degeneration. This condition affects the clarity of central vision but does not typically cause double vision. Double vision can result from issues with the eye muscles or nerves, such as in cases of strabismus or cranial nerve palsies.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Preparing the patient for immediate surgical intervention is not the first-line treatment for hemophilia-related joint bleeding. Surgery is considered only if there is severe damage or if conservative measures fail. Initial management focuses on controlling bleeding and reducing inflammation.
Choice B Reason:
Administering aspirin for pain relief is contraindicated in patients with hemophilia. Aspirin inhibits platelet function and can exacerbate bleeding. Alternative pain management strategies that do not affect clotting should be used.
Choice C Reason:
Applying ice to the affected knee and elevating the leg is the most appropriate initial intervention. Ice helps to reduce swelling and pain, while elevation minimizes blood flow to the area, helping to control bleeding. This conservative approach is crucial in managing acute hemarthrosis in hemophilia patients.
Choice D Reason:
Performing passive range of motion exercises on the affected knee is not recommended during the acute phase of hemarthrosis. Movement can increase bleeding and worsen the condition. Rest and immobilization are preferred until the bleeding is controlled.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Administering intravenous fluids and pain management is the most appropriate initial intervention for a patient with sickle cell anemia presenting with severe pain, fever, and dehydration. Sickle cell crises often lead to severe pain due to vaso-occlusion, where sickled red blood cells block blood flow to various parts of the body. Intravenous fluids help to rehydrate the patient and reduce blood viscosity, which can alleviate the vaso-occlusive crisis. Pain management is crucial to provide relief and improve the patient’s comfort. This approach addresses the immediate symptoms and stabilizes the patient.
Choice B Reason:
Applying cold compresses to the painful areas is not recommended for patients with sickle cell anemia. Cold can cause vasoconstriction, which may worsen the vaso-occlusion and increase pain. Instead, warm compresses are often suggested to help dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow.
Choice C Reason:
Administering antibiotics immediately is not the primary intervention unless there is a clear indication of an infection. While fever can be a sign of infection, it can also occur due to the inflammatory response associated with a sickle cell crisis. The priority is to manage pain and dehydration first, and then evaluate the need for antibiotics based on clinical findings.
Choice D Reason:
Encouraging the patient to perform light exercise is not appropriate during an acute sickle cell crisis. Physical activity can increase oxygen demand and exacerbate the pain and vaso-occlusion. Rest and adequate hydration are more suitable to manage the crisis effectively.
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