A 72-year-old patient with a history of chronic hypertension is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to contrast-induced nephropathy. Which clinical finding would most likely be present in this patient?

Decreased blood pressure

Metabolic acidosis

Hypocalcemia

Increased urine specific gravity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Decreased blood pressure is not typically associated with contrast-induced nephropathy. In fact, patients may present with normal or elevated blood pressure, especially in those with a history of chronic hypertension.
B.   Metabolic acidosis is a common complication of acute kidney injury (AKI), including contrast-induced nephropathy. As kidney function declines, the kidneys' ability to excrete acids diminishes, leading to the accumulation of acids in the blood and resulting in metabolic acidosis.
C.   Hypocalcemia is not a common feature of contrast-induced nephropathy. While AKI can cause disturbances in calcium and phosphate balance, hypocalcemia is not typically a predominant finding.
D.   Increased urine specific gravity may not be a significant finding in contrast-induced nephropathy. This condition generally leads to impaired kidney function, which may present with urine output changes, but urine specific gravity can vary depending on the stage of AKI.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Using mouthwash may reduce tartar and plaque, but it does not address the severe risks associated with tobacco use, such as oral cancer.
B. The 5-year survival rate for oral cancer is low, but it is not specifically tied to the year 2020 and should be emphasized in a broader context.
C. Brushing and flossing are essential for oral health, but they do not directly relate to cardiovascular disease prevention.
D. Tobacco use can significantly increase the risk of caries, tooth loss, and other oral health problems, negatively affecting the client's quality of life.

A. Smoking can exacerbate GERD symptoms. B. GERD is primarily caused by excessive production of stomach acid. C. GERD is caused by the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. D. Elevating the head of the bed can help reduce GERD symptoms. E. A diet high in citrus fruits is recommended for GERD management F. Antibiotics are the first-line treatment for GERD. G. Obesity is a risk factor for GERD.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","G"]

Explanation

A. Smoking can exacerbate GERD symptoms. It weakens the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), increasing the likelihood of acid reflux.
B. GERD is not primarily caused by excessive production of stomach acid. It is usually due to a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
C. GERD is caused by the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. When the LES is weakened or relaxes abnormally, acid can reflux into the esophagus, causing symptoms.
D. Elevating the head of the bed can help reduce GERD symptoms. It helps to prevent acid from moving back into the esophagus during sleep.
E. A diet high in citrus fruits is not recommended for GERD management. Citrus fruits can aggravate acid reflux symptoms.
F. Antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for GERD. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers are typically used to manage GERD symptoms.
G. Obesity is a risk factor for GERD. It can increase intra-abdominal pressure, which may contribute to the reflux of acid into the esophagus.

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A 72-year-old patient with a history of chronic hypertension is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to contrast-induced nephropathy. Which clinical finding would most likely be present in this patient?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Explanation

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