A 72-year-old patient with a history of chronic hypertension is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to contrast-induced nephropathy. Which clinical finding would most likely be present in this patient?
Decreased blood pressure
Metabolic acidosis
Hypocalcemia
Increased urine specific gravity
The Correct Answer is B
A. Decreased blood pressure is not typically associated with contrast-induced nephropathy. In fact, patients may present with normal or elevated blood pressure, especially in those with a history of chronic hypertension.
B. Metabolic acidosis is a common complication of acute kidney injury (AKI), including contrast-induced nephropathy. As kidney function declines, the kidneys' ability to excrete acids diminishes, leading to the accumulation of acids in the blood and resulting in metabolic acidosis.
C. Hypocalcemia is not a common feature of contrast-induced nephropathy. While AKI can cause disturbances in calcium and phosphate balance, hypocalcemia is not typically a predominant finding.
D. Increased urine specific gravity may not be a significant finding in contrast-induced nephropathy. This condition generally leads to impaired kidney function, which may present with urine output changes, but urine specific gravity can vary depending on the stage of AKI.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["320"]
Explanation
Net fluid balance = Total intake - Total output
Rationale:
Total intake:
IV fluids: 1,000 mL
Antibiotic infusion: 250 mL
Oral intake: 3 cups x 240 mL = 720 mL
Total intake = 1,000 + 250 + 720 = 1,970 mL Total output:
Urine: 1,200 mL
Vomiting: 300 mL Wound drainage: 150 mL
Total output = 1,200 + 300 + 150 = 1,650 mL
Net fluid balance = 1,970 mL - 1,650 mL = +320 mL
The patient has a positive fluid balance of 320 mL.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Paresthesia, or abnormal sensations such as tingling or numbness, is a common symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis due to nerve damage.
B. Nausea and vomiting are not typical symptoms of multiple sclerosis but may occur in specific cases due to other complications.
C. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can occur in multiple sclerosis as a result of nerve damage affecting the muscles involved in swallowing.
D. Spasticity, or muscle stiffness, is common in multiple sclerosis due to damage to the nerve pathways that control muscle movement.
E. Vertigo, or dizziness, is a frequent symptom of multiple sclerosis due to lesions in the brainstem affecting balance.
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