Which mechanism increases peripheral vascular resistance and contributes to the development of hypertension?
None of these
Impaired sodium excretion by the kidneys
Parasympathetic system overstimulation
Reduced renin-angiotensin-aldosterone secretion
The Correct Answer is B
A. This option is incorrect because impaired sodium excretion by the kidneys does contribute to increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension.
B. Impaired sodium excretion by the kidneys can lead to fluid retention, which increases blood volume. This results in increased peripheral vascular resistance, a key factor in the development of hypertension.
C. Overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system typically causes a reduction in heart rate and vasodilation, which would generally lower blood pressure, not contribute to hypertension.
D. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. Reduced secretion of renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone would not contribute to increased peripheral vascular resistance. In fact, these systems typically work to raise blood pressure when needed.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dehydration increases the risk of renal calculi (kidney stones) because it leads to concentrated urine, which promotes the formation of stones. When there is insufficient fluid intake, the kidneys cannot dilute substances like calcium and oxalate, which can form crystals and eventually stones.
B. A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for a variety of health issues, including obesity, but it does not directly increase the risk of kidney stones. Physical inactivity can contribute to weight gain, which in turn may increase the risk of developing stones, but it is not as direct a cause as dehydration.
C. Drinking 32 ounces of milk per day does not directly increase the risk for kidney stones. In fact, moderate calcium intake can help prevent the formation of certain types of kidney stones. However, excessive calcium intake from supplements (rather than food) may increase the risk.
D. Running 5 miles does not increase the risk of kidney stones. In fact, regular physical activity can help prevent the formation of kidney stones by promoting overall health and hydration.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a decrease in bicarbonate, but it is not typically associated with hypokalemia. In fact, acidosis may cause potassium to shift out of cells, increasing serum potassium levels.
B. Metabolic alkalosis is often associated with hypokalemia because the body compensates for alkalosis by shifting potassium into cells, leading to a lower serum potassium level. This is commonly seen with conditions like vomiting or the overuse of diuretics.
C. Hyperchloremia refers to elevated chloride levels, which may be associated with metabolic acidosis, but it is not directly linked to hypokalemia.
D. "None of the above" is incorrect because metabolic alkalosis is a known condition associated with hypokalemia.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.