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Which mechanism increases peripheral vascular resistance and contributes to the development of hypertension?

A.

None of these

B.

Impaired sodium excretion by the kidneys

C.

Parasympathetic system overstimulation

D.

Reduced renin-angiotensin-aldosterone secretion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. This option is incorrect because impaired sodium excretion by the kidneys does contribute to increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension.  

B. Impaired sodium excretion by the kidneys can lead to fluid retention, which increases blood volume. This results in increased peripheral vascular resistance, a key factor in the development of hypertension.  

C. Overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system typically causes a reduction in heart rate and vasodilation, which would generally lower blood pressure, not contribute to hypertension.  

D. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. Reduced secretion of renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone would not contribute to increased peripheral vascular resistance. In fact, these systems typically work to raise blood pressure when needed.  


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dyspnea is the medical term for shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. It is a subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing and is the most appropriate term for this client's description.

B. Aspiration refers to the inhalation of food, liquid, or other foreign substances into the airways, which can lead to choking or pneumonia. This does not describe the sensation of shortness of breath.

C. Hemoptysis refers to coughing up blood, which is unrelated to the sensation of shortness of breath described in the question.

D. Orthopnea is shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat, often associated with heart failure. The description in the question does not specifically mention difficulty breathing while lying down.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Progeria, also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), is characterized by accelerated aging. One of the biochemical changes observed in this condition is an increase in hyaluronic acid levels, which is associated with skin changes and the premature aging process seen in affected individuals.

B. Low levels of glutamate are not characteristic of progeria. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter, and its levels are not typically altered in progeria.

C. High levels of thyroxine are not associated with progeria. Thyroxine levels are related to thyroid function, and there is no direct link between high thyroxine levels and progeria.

D. Low levels of calcitonin are not characteristic of progeria. Calcitonin is a hormone involved in calcium regulation, and its levels are not notably altered in progeria.

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