Which mechanism increases peripheral vascular resistance and contributes to the development of hypertension?

None of these

Impaired sodium excretion by the kidneys

Parasympathetic system overstimulation

Reduced renin-angiotensin-aldosterone secretion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. This option is incorrect because impaired sodium excretion by the kidneys does contribute to increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension.

B. Impaired sodium excretion by the kidneys can lead to fluid retention, which increases blood volume. This results in increased peripheral vascular resistance, a key factor in the development of hypertension.

C. Overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system typically causes a reduction in heart rate and vasodilation, which would generally lower blood pressure, not contribute to hypertension.

D. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. Reduced secretion of renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone would not contribute to increased peripheral vascular resistance. In fact, these systems typically work to raise blood pressure when needed.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Left-sided heart failure primarily leads to pulmonary symptoms, such as shortness of breath and fluid accumulation in the lungs, rather than peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, or ascites.

B. Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves and does not typically cause the combination of peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly.

C. Myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to heart failure, but the specific symptoms of peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly are more characteristic of right-sided heart failure rather than MI alone.

D. Right-sided heart failure causes systemic venous congestion, which leads to peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly due to the backup of blood in the systemic circulation.

A. Inhaling toxic fumes B. Severe lung infection C. All of these can trigger acute respiratory distress syndrome D. Aspirating stomach contents into the lungs

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Inhaling toxic fumes can cause damage to the lungs and airways, leading to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli, triggering acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

B. Severe lung infections, such as pneumonia, can lead to ARDS due to widespread inflammation and fluid in the lungs, which impairs gas exchange.

C. All of these can trigger acute respiratory distress syndrome. ARDS can be caused by a variety of factors, including inhalation of toxic fumes, severe lung infections, and aspiration of stomach contents, all of which can lead to inflammation and damage to the lung tissue.

D. Aspirating stomach contents into the lungs can lead to aspiration pneumonia, which can cause ARDS due to the inflammatory response in the lungs.

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Which mechanism increases peripheral vascular resistance and contributes to the development of hypertension?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Your patient is experiencing peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly. Which of the following conditions would be consistent with the patient's findings?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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