A client with type 2 diabetes is prescribed glipizide, a sulfonylurea. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following potential adverse effects?
Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia
Weight loss
Hypertension
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Glipizide, a sulfonylurea, stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels, increasing insulin secretion. This can cause hypoglycemia, especially if meals are skipped or with excessive dosing. Monitoring blood glucose is critical, as hypoglycemia can lead to symptoms like sweating, shakiness, or confusion, making this the primary adverse effect.
Choice B reason: Glipizide does not significantly affect potassium levels. Hyperkalemia is more associated with drugs like ACE inhibitors or potassium-sparing diuretics. Sulfonylureas primarily impact glucose metabolism, not electrolyte balance, making this an inaccurate adverse effect to monitor in patients taking glipizide.
Choice C reason: Glipizide often causes weight gain, not weight loss, due to increased insulin levels promoting glucose uptake and fat storage. Weight loss is more associated with drugs like metformin or SGLT-2 inhibitors. This statement is inaccurate, as weight gain is a more likely concern with sulfonylureas.
Choice D reason: Hypertension is not a common adverse effect of glipizide. Sulfonylureas primarily affect glucose metabolism, not blood pressure. While diabetes increases cardiovascular risk, glipizide does not directly cause hypertension, making this an inaccurate adverse effect to prioritize in monitoring for this medication.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is not the primary target of antidepressants like SSRIs or tricyclics. These drugs focus on monoamines (serotonin, norepinephrine). GABAergic drugs, like benzodiazepines, treat anxiety, not depression. This statement is inaccurate, as antidepressants do not enhance GABA efficacy in the limbic system or cortex.
Choice B reason: SSRIs and tricyclics block reuptake of serotonin and/or norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft, increasing their availability to stimulate postsynaptic receptors. This enhances monoamine signaling, alleviating depressive symptoms. This statement is accurate, as reuptake inhibition is the shared mechanism across these antidepressant classes, targeting mood-regulating neurotransmitters.
Choice C reason: Dopamine receptor antagonism is not a mechanism of antidepressants but is associated with antipsychotics like haloperidol. While some antidepressants indirectly affect dopamine, it is not their primary action. This statement is inaccurate, as SSRIs and tricyclics focus on serotonin and norepinephrine, not dopamine receptor blockade.
Choice D reason: Antagonizing serotonin receptors would reduce serotonin signaling, counteracting antidepressant effects. SSRIs and tricyclics increase serotonin availability via reuptake inhibition, not receptor blockade. This statement is inaccurate, as blocking serotonin receptors is not a mechanism of action for these depression treatments.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Phenazopyridine is a urinary analgesic that relieves pain, burning, and irritation in the urinary tract by exerting a topical anesthetic effect on the uroepithelium. It is commonly used for symptomatic relief in UTIs, making this statement accurate, as it directly addresses its therapeutic role in managing urinary discomfort.
Choice B reason: Phenazopyridine is used short-term (typically 2 days) for symptom relief, not necessarily until an antibiotic course is completed. Antibiotics treat the underlying UTI, while phenazopyridine addresses symptoms. This statement is inaccurate, as their durations are independent, based on clinical need, not synchronized completion.
Choice C reason: Phenazopyridine is not contraindicated in UTIs; it is specifically indicated for symptomatic relief in these infections. It does not treat the infection but alleviates discomfort. This statement is inaccurate, as phenazopyridine is a standard adjunctive therapy in UTI management for pain relief.
Choice D reason: Phenazopyridine provides relief within hours, not almost immediately. Its onset requires absorption and distribution to the urinary tract, typically taking 1-2 hours. This statement is inaccurate, as the relief, while rapid, is not instantaneous, and patients should be informed of the expected timeframe.
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