A nurse is caring for an older person whose renal changes make it impossible to concentrate or dilute urine. For what is this patient at the greatest risk?
Dehydration
Urinary infection
Renal failure
Incontinence
The Correct Answer is A
A. Dehydration
Aging kidneys lose the ability to regulate fluid balance by concentrating or diluting urine, making older adults more prone to dehydration.
B. Urinary infection
Risk increases with age, but not directly due to impaired concentrating ability.
C. Renal failure
A long-term risk, but dehydration is a more immediate and common complication.
D. Incontinence
May occur for various reasons, but not directly related to inability to dilute/concentrate urine.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. They affect more women than men
There is no consistent evidence that one sex is more affected than the other.
B. They are always caused by disease
Many chemosensory changes occur due to natural aging, not just disease.
C. They begin in the fifth decade of life
While possible, changes can begin earlier or later depending on multiple factors.
D. They are directly related to the aging process
Diminished taste and smell are common and normal changes of aging due to loss of receptor cells and reduced nerve function.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Decreased impulse conduction speed
Aging causes slower nerve conduction due to loss of myelin and reduced neurotransmitter activity, leading to slower reflexes and response times.
B. Atherosclerosis and decreased cellular respiration
These factors affect circulation and energy production but are not primary causes of slowed neurologic responses.
C. Inadequate tissue oxygenation
Can affect brain function acutely, but it's not the main cause of chronic, gradual slowing in the elderly.
D. Loss of neurons in the brain
While this occurs with aging, slowed reflexes are more specifically linked to nerve impulse transmission rather than neuron quantity alone.
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