A nurse is caring for an older person whose renal changes make it impossible to concentrate or dilute urine. For what is this patient at the greatest risk?
Dehydration
Urinary infection
Renal failure
Incontinence
The Correct Answer is A
A. Dehydration
Aging kidneys lose the ability to regulate fluid balance by concentrating or diluting urine, making older adults more prone to dehydration.
B. Urinary infection
Risk increases with age, but not directly due to impaired concentrating ability.
C. Renal failure
A long-term risk, but dehydration is a more immediate and common complication.
D. Incontinence
May occur for various reasons, but not directly related to inability to dilute/concentrate urine.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Renal calculi
Kidney stones are not age-specific and are not directly caused by aging kidneys.
B. Urgency incontinence
While incontinence is common, urgency may relate more to bladder or neurologic conditions, not specific renal aging.
C. Hematuria
Blood in urine is abnormal at any age and indicates underlying pathology (e.g., infection, cancer).
D. Nocturia
A typical age-related renal change is a reduced ability to concentrate urine, leading to increased nighttime urination.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Dementia: Usually presents with memory loss and cognitive decline, not primarily with low energy, insomnia, or anorexia.
B. Sarcopenia: This is muscle mass loss, which may cause weakness but is not associated with insomnia or anorexia.
C. Depression: In older adults, depression often presents with physical complaints like low energy, sleep disturbances, and appetite loss, even when labs are normal.
D. Diabetes: May cause fatigue, but typically includes additional findings like polyuria, polydipsia, and abnormal labs.
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