A nurse is caring for an older person whose renal changes make it impossible to concentrate or dilute urine. For what is this patient at the greatest risk?
Dehydration
Urinary infection
Renal failure
Incontinence
The Correct Answer is A
A. Dehydration
Aging kidneys lose the ability to regulate fluid balance by concentrating or diluting urine, making older adults more prone to dehydration.
B. Urinary infection
Risk increases with age, but not directly due to impaired concentrating ability.
C. Renal failure
A long-term risk, but dehydration is a more immediate and common complication.
D. Incontinence
May occur for various reasons, but not directly related to inability to dilute/concentrate urine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Decreased secretion of saliva
This is not a normal part of aging; if present, it's often due to medications or illness.
B. Increased acidity of saliva
Salivary composition doesn’t change significantly with age; this is not a recognized normal change.
C. Decreased gastric emptying
Aging can slow down GI motility, leading to delayed gastric emptying, which can contribute to fullness or indigestion.
D. Increased peristalsis
GI peristalsis slows with age, increasing the risk of constipation, not increasing motility.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Obtain an order from the primary caregiver for a sedative
Not appropriate as a first step; sedatives in the elderly increase the risk of falls and confusion and should only be used after thorough evaluation.
B. Ask the patient if he is sleeping well at night
This helps identify underlying sleep disturbances, such as nocturia or insomnia, which may be the cause of daytime fatigue.
C. Tell the patient that he cannot take any more naps
Restricting naps without assessing the cause of tiredness is inappropriate and may worsen fatigue.
D. Plan activities to keep the patient awake during the day
May be helpful after assessing nighttime sleep habits and determining the cause of daytime drowsiness.
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