A mother is concerned because her 10-month-old infant is lethargic.
What is the best action the nurse can advise this mother to implement?

Choice A rationale:

Young children often understand that other people die, but do not equate it with themselves. Young children typically begin to grasp the concept of death, but they often don't fully understand it in the same way adults do. Their understanding of death tends to be more external, and they may not relate it to themselves. The nurse's response should be guided by this understanding because it helps in communicating with and supporting children when they encounter the death of a loved one. By recognizing that children may not see death as an immediate threat to themselves, the nurse can provide age-appropriate explanations and reassurance, addressing the child's concerns and fears. It's crucial to be sensitive to the child's emotional state and offer comfort and support as needed.

Choice B rationale:

Children can understand the concept of a higher being much like adults can. While children may have some understanding of the concept of a higher being, their understanding is often simpler and less abstract than that of adults. It's important for the nurse to acknowledge a child's spirituality and beliefs when discussing death, but it's not the primary understanding that guides the nurse's response. The primary focus should be on the child's understanding of death itself and how it may affect them or their loved ones.

Choice C rationale:

The children's response will depend entirely on whether they have been acquainted with death before this. While prior exposure to death may influence a child's response, it is not the sole determining factor. Even children who have not experienced death before may still have various emotional reactions when a loved one dies. The nurse should approach each child individually, taking into consideration their unique experiences and emotions rather than relying solely on past exposure to death.

Choice D rationale:

Children are unlikely to notice their grandmother's absence if no one reminds them. This choice is not an appropriate understanding to guide the nurse's response. Children are likely to notice the absence of a loved one, especially a grandmother, regardless of whether someone reminds them. They may not fully understand the implications of death, but they will notice the change in their daily life and routines. It is essential to support and communicate with them during this period rather than assume they won't notice the absence.

Choice A rationale:
Suggesting that toddlers should be able to stay dry for 2 hours before beginning bladder training is too early. Most toddlers do not develop full bladder control until around the age of 3. Starting training too early may lead to frustration for both the child and the parents. It's essential to be patient and wait until the child is developmentally ready, which is typically around the age of 3.
Choice B rationale:
Suggesting that toddlers should be able to stay dry for 3 hours before beginning bladder training is a reasonable and developmentally appropriate guideline. Around the age of 3, many children start to gain better control over their bladder and can stay dry for longer periods. This is a good indication that they may be ready for bladder training. However, it's essential to remember that every child is different, and readiness may vary from one child to another.
Choice C rationale:
Suggesting that toddlers should be able to stay dry for 4 hours before beginning bladder training may be overly restrictive and not necessary. While some children may achieve this level of bladder control, it is not a standard benchmark for readiness. Waiting for 4 hours may delay the start of bladder training unnecessarily for some children.
Choice D rationale:
Suggesting that toddlers should be able to stay dry for 5 hours before beginning bladder training is too long and not a practical guideline. Waiting for such an extended period before initiating training is not developmentally appropriate, and it may lead to difficulties and accidents. It's important to strike a balance between waiting for readiness and not delaying training for an extended period, as suggested in choice B.