A nurse is analyzing the results from a 6 year-old child's voiding cystourethrograrn. which indicates there is a significant amount of urinary reflux. Which Of the following recurrent medical conditions should the nurse identify as being an increased risk for this client to develop? (Select All that Apply.)

Urethral obstruction

Upper urinary tract infections

Chronic kidney disease

Phimosis

Hydrocele

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

A. Urethral obstruction – Incorrect. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) does not directly cause urethral obstruction, which is typically due to structural abnormalities.

B. Upper urinary tract infections – Correct. VUR increases the risk of recurrent pyelonephritis (upper UTI) due to retrograde urine flow.

C. Chronic kidney disease – Correct. Repeated kidney infections and scarring from VUR can lead to chronic kidney disease over time.

D. Phimosis – Incorrect. Phimosis (tight foreskin) is unrelated to VUR.

E. Hydrocele – Incorrect. Hydrocele involves fluid accumulation around the testicle and is not related to urinary reflux.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessment. – Incorrect. The GCS assesses neurological function but does not diagnose the underlying cause of symptoms.

B. RBC count. – Incorrect. A complete blood count (CBC) may be helpful, but it does not confirm meningitis.

C. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. – Correct. A lumbar puncture for CSF analysis is the gold standard for diagnosing bacterial or viral meningitis.

D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). – Incorrect. An MRI may be used for complications but is not the initial diagnostic test for suspected meningitis

A. Keep the child away from areas with ongoing construction or renovation. B. Allow the child to play with toys that may contain lead paint. C. Encourage the child to play outside in areas visible peeling paint. D. Ensure the child has a diet rich in iron and calcium.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Keep the child away from areas with ongoing construction or renovation. – Correct. Lead-based paint is often found in older buildings undergoing renovation.

B. Allow the child to play with toys that may contain lead paint. – Incorrect. This increases the risk of lead exposure.

C. Encourage the child to play outside in areas with visible peeling paint. – Incorrect. Peeling paint is a major source of lead poisoning.

D. Ensure the child has a diet rich in iron and calcium. – Incorrect. While this can reduce lead absorption, it does not prevent exposure.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a child who has increasing manifestations of fever, headache, stiff neck. and rash. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse expect the health care provider to order?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to the caregiver of a 2-year.old toddler diagnosed with lead poisoning. What is an important precaution the caregiver should take to prevent further exposure to lead?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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