A nurse is analyzing the results from a 6 year-old child's voiding cystourethrograrn. which indicates there is a significant amount of urinary reflux. Which Of the following recurrent medical conditions should the nurse identify as being an increased risk for this client to develop? (Select All that Apply.)

Urethral obstruction

Upper urinary tract infections

Chronic kidney disease

Phimosis

Hydrocele

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

A. Urethral obstruction – Incorrect. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) does not directly cause urethral obstruction, which is typically due to structural abnormalities.

B. Upper urinary tract infections – Correct. VUR increases the risk of recurrent pyelonephritis (upper UTI) due to retrograde urine flow.

C. Chronic kidney disease – Correct. Repeated kidney infections and scarring from VUR can lead to chronic kidney disease over time.

D. Phimosis – Incorrect. Phimosis (tight foreskin) is unrelated to VUR.

E. Hydrocele – Incorrect. Hydrocele involves fluid accumulation around the testicle and is not related to urinary reflux.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A. A 4-year-old child who has asthma and a PCO2 of 37 mm Hg. – Incorrect. A PCO2 of 37 mm Hg is within normal limits (35–45 mm Hg), indicating no immediate respiratory distress.

B. A 7-year-old child who has diabetes insipidus and a urine specific gravity of 1.016. – Incorrect. A urine specific gravity of 1.016 is within the normal range (1.005–1.030), suggesting adequate hydration.

C. A 1-year-old toddler who has a temperature of 39°C (102.2°F). – Correct. A high fever in an infant can indicate a serious infection, requiring immediate assessment.

D. A 10-year-old child who has sickle cell anemia who reports severe chest pain. – Correct. Severe chest pain in a child with sickle cell anemia may indicate acute chest syndrome, a life-threatening complication requiring urgent intervention.

A. Urethral obstruction B. Upper urinary tract infections C. Chronic kidney disease D. Phimosis E. Hydrocele

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

A. Urethral obstruction – Incorrect. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) does not directly cause urethral obstruction, which is typically due to structural abnormalities.

B. Upper urinary tract infections – Correct. VUR increases the risk of recurrent pyelonephritis (upper UTI) due to retrograde urine flow.

C. Chronic kidney disease – Correct. Repeated kidney infections and scarring from VUR can lead to chronic kidney disease over time.

D. Phimosis – Incorrect. Phimosis (tight foreskin) is unrelated to VUR.

E. Hydrocele – Incorrect. Hydrocele involves fluid accumulation around the testicle and is not related to urinary reflux.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing data for four children. Which of the following children should the nurse assess first? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

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