A nurse is assessing a patient with bulimia nervosa. Which of the following cardiovascular symptoms would the nurse expect to find?
Bradycardia and tachycardia.
Hypertension and mitral valve prolapse.
Orthostatic hypotension and arrhythmias.
Pericardial effusion and cardiomyopathy.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Bradycardia and tachycardia. While these cardiovascular symptoms can occur in eating disorders, they are more commonly associated with anorexia nervosa rather than bulimia nervosa. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is often seen in individuals with severe anorexia due to the body's adaptive response to conserve energy. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) can occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, particularly in those with anorexia. However, in bulimia nervosa, the rapid cycle of binge eating and purging is more likely to lead to electrolyte imbalances that cause other symptoms.
Choice B rationale:
Hypertension and mitral valve prolapse. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a common cardiovascular symptom of bulimia nervosa. Mitral valve prolapse, which involves the improper closing of the heart's mitral valve, is also not a typical cardiovascular manifestation of bulimia nervosa. Eating disorders primarily affect the electrical conduction system of the heart and can lead to rhythm disturbances.
Choice C rationale:
Orthostatic hypotension and arrhythmias. This is the correct choice. Orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure upon standing, is a common cardiovascular symptom of bulimia nervosa. It is often a result of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances caused by frequent vomiting and laxative use. Arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms) can also occur due to electrolyte imbalances, particularly low levels of potassium, which can disrupt the heart's electrical activity.
Choice D rationale:
Pericardial effusion and cardiomyopathy. While pericardial effusion (accumulation of fluid around the heart) and cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) can occur in individuals with eating disorders, they are not the most common cardiovascular symptoms. These conditions usually result from prolonged malnutrition and severe electrolyte imbalances, which can occur in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. However, orthostatic hypotension and arrhythmias are more characteristic of bulimia nervosa.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The statement "You should just focus on physical recovery for now." neglects the psychological aspect of the patient's condition. Eating disorders are complex and involve both physical and psychological components, so focusing solely on physical recovery is not effective.
Choice B rationale:
The statement "You need to follow the meal plan exactly as it is." might come across as rigid and lacking empathy. It doesn't address the patient's emotional struggles and distorted beliefs about food and body image.
Choice C rationale:
The statement "I understand that distorted body image can be challenging." shows empathy and acknowledges the psychological aspect of the disorder. It demonstrates that the nurse comprehends the patient's experience and is willing to provide psychological support.
Choice D rationale:
The statement "You should isolate yourself from group therapy sessions." is counterproductive. Group therapy can be highly beneficial for individuals with eating disorders, as it provides a supportive environment and helps combat the isolation often experienced by these patients.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The response "You're right, you shouldn't be eating." reinforces the client's negative and harmful belief about not deserving to eat. This response is not therapeutic and can worsen the client's condition.
Choice B rationale:
The response "Don't worry, your weight is not a concern." dismisses the client's feelings and doesn't address the underlying distorted thoughts about their body and food. It's important to acknowledge their emotions rather than trivialize them.
Choice C rationale:
The response "It sounds like you have negative thoughts about your body." shows empathy and reflective listening. It opens the door for further discussion about the client's feelings and allows the nurse to explore their thought patterns.
Choice D rationale:
The response "Eating is not important, we should focus on your medication." minimizes the significance of the client's eating disorder and focuses solely on medication, disregarding the psychological and nutritional aspects of treatment.
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