A nurse is assessing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a client suspected to have meningitis. Which CSF parameter indicates bacterial or fungal infection?
Cloudy appearance.
Increased pressure.
Decreased glucose.
Elevated protein levels.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
A cloudy appearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can indicate the presence of white blood cells and bacteria, suggesting an infection. However, it is not specific to bacterial or fungal infection and can also be seen in viral meningitis or non-infectious conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Choice B rationale:
Increased pressure in the CSF may occur in meningitis due to the inflammation and accumulation of fluid. While it can raise suspicion for meningitis, it is not specific to bacterial or fungal infection and can also be observed in other intracranial conditions.
Choice C rationale:
Decreased glucose levels in the CSF are a characteristic finding in bacterial or fungal meningitis. The invading bacteria or fungi consume glucose, leading to lower levels in the CSF compared to normal blood glucose levels. This finding helps differentiate bacterial or fungal meningitis from viral meningitis, where glucose levels are usually normal.
Choice D rationale:
Elevated protein levels in the CSF can be seen in various conditions, including meningitis. While it indicates increased inflammation and breakdown of cells, it is not specific to bacterial or fungal infection and can be present in viral or other forms of meningitis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Pneumococcal meningitis can affect individuals of all ages, although children under five years old and adults over 65 years old are at a higher risk. It is not exclusive to young children under five.
Choice B rationale:
Pneumococcal meningitis is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, not Haemophilus influenzae type b.
Choice C rationale:
Pneumococcal meningitis is not only prevalent in tropical regions; it can occur worldwide.
Choice D rationale:
With appropriate and timely treatment, the mortality rate of pneumococcal meningitis can be relatively low. However, it is still a severe and potentially life-threatening condition, and prompt medical attention is crucial to avoid complications.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Fever is a common sign of meningitis, regardless of its cause. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as headache and irritability.
Choice B rationale:
A high-pitched cry is a classic sign of meningitis in infants and young children, especially in bacterial meningitis cases. The inflammation in the meninges can cause irritation of the central nervous system, leading to this specific cry.
Choice C rationale:
Altered mental status is a significant sign of meningitis, especially when bacterial pathogens are involved. It can range from lethargy and confusion to more severe manifestations like seizures and coma.
Choice D rationale:
Weight loss is not typically associated with meningitis. The condition usually presents with acute symptoms such as fever, headache, and neck stiffness, rather than chronic symptoms like weight loss.
Choice E rationale:
A stiff neck is a hallmark sign of meningitis, particularly in cases of bacterial meningitis. It is caused by the irritation and inflammation of the meninges surrounding the spinal cord.
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