A nurse is assessing the fontanels of a crying newborn and notes that the posterior fontanel pulsates and briefly bulges. What do these findings indicate?

Increased intracranial pressure

Dehydration

Overhydration

These are normal findings

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Increased intracranial pressurE. Pulsation and bulging of the fontanel may be signs of

increased intracranial pressure in infants. However, it is important to differentiate between normal fontanel characteristics and abnormal signs of elevated intracranial pressure. In this case, the pulsation and bulging are likely normal responses to crying and changes in intracranial pressure during the newborn period.

B. Dehydration: Dehydration typically presents with sunken fontanels rather than pulsation and bulging. Dehydration is a serious condition that requires prompt assessment and intervention, but it is not indicated by the findings described in the scenario.

C. Overhydration: Overhydration is not typically associated with pulsation and bulging of the fontanel. Overhydration may lead to fluid overload and edema but does not directly affect fontanel characteristics.

D. These are normal findings: Pulsation and brief bulging of the fontanel in response to crying are considered normal findings in newborns. Fontanels allow for the flexibility of the skull bones during childbirth and provide space for brain growth during infancy. Pulsation and bulging may occur temporarily during crying or changes in intracranial pressure and are not necessarily

indicative of pathology.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Transduction - Transduction refers to the process of reasoning from one specific instance to another without necessarily understanding the broader concept. The girl's statement about the sky and her throat does not demonstrate this mental process.

B. Centration - Centration involves focusing on only one aspect of a situation while ignoring others. The girl's statement may involve a degree of focus, but it's more indicative of a broader imaginative process.

C. Magical thinking - Magical thinking involves attributing human emotions or characteristics to inanimate objects or natural phenomena. The girl's belief that the sky is crying because it's sad about her throat hurting reflects this type of thinking.

D. Animism - Animism is a belief system that attributes life or consciousness to natural objects or phenomena. While the girl's statement involves anthropomorphizing the sky, it specifically

involves emotions rather than attributing life itself to the sky. Therefore, magical thinking is a more accurate description.

A. The nurse checks the documented time of the last dosage administered. B. The nurse calculates the dosage according to the child's weight. C. The nurse makes sure the medication is given within the hour of the ordered time. D. The nurse explains the therapeutic effects of the medication to the child and parents. The nurse administers the medication even though the child is adamant about not taking it.

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

A. The nurse checks the documented time of the last dosage administereD. This action ensures that the medication is given at the appropriate frequency and prevents overdosing or underdosing.

B. The nurse calculates the dosage according to the child's weight: Pediatric medication dosages are often calculated based on the child's weight to ensure safe and effective administration.

C. The nurse makes sure the medication is given within the hour of the ordered timE. While

timely administration of medication is important, the specific time interval within which a PRN medication should be given may vary depending on the medication and the healthcare provider's orders. This statement does not necessarily reflect the rules of pediatric medication

administration.

D. The nurse explains the therapeutic effects of the medication to the child and parents. The nurse administers the medication even though the child is adamant about not taking it: Administering medication against the child's wishes without proper explanation or consent does not adhere to the principles of pediatric medication administration. It is important to provide education about the medication and involve the child and parents in the decision-making process whenever possible.

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A nurse is assessing the fontanels of a crying newborn and notes that the posterior fontanel pulsates and briefly bulges. What do these findings indicate?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl post-tonsillectomy. The girl looks out the window and tells the nurse that it is raining and says. The sky is crying because it is sad that my throat hurts." The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating which mental process?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is administering acetaminophen PRN to a 9-year-old child on the pediatric ward of the hospital. Which answers reflect nursing actions that follow the rules of the rights of pediatric medication administration? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

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