A nurse is aware that which of the following social inequities are correlated with increased diabetes prevalence & more severe complications of diabetes? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

access to fresh fruits and vegetables

living in a disadvantaged community

having adequate health insurance

viral infection

autoimmune disorder

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B

A.   Limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables can contribute to poor dietary habits, which are linked to obesity and diabetes. Communities with food deserts often have higher rates of diabetes due to reduced access to nutritious food, leading to diets high in processed and unhealthy foods.
B.   Living in disadvantaged communities is associated with increased diabetes prevalence and complications. Factors such as lower socioeconomic status, limited access to healthcare, poor health education, and environmental stressors can exacerbate health issues, including diabetes.
C.   Having adequate health insurance is generally correlated with better health outcomes, including access to preventive care, regular monitoring, and treatment for diabetes. It does not contribute to increased prevalence or complications; rather, it mitigates them.

D.   While certain viral infections have been studied for their potential role in triggering autoimmune diabetes (such as Type 1 diabetes), viral infections themselves are not a social inequity and do not directly correlate with increased diabetes prevalence in the same way that socioeconomic factors do.
E.   Autoimmune disorders can be associated with Type 1 diabetes and some cases of Type 2 diabetes; however, this option does not reflect a social inequity. Instead, autoimmune disorders are more related to individual health conditions and genetics.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. An INR of 5.0 indicates that the blood is significantly thinner than the therapeutic range (typically 2.0 to 3.0 for DVT treatment). Increasing the dose of warfarin would further increase the risk of bleeding.
B. Continuing with the prescribed dose of 2.5 mg is not appropriate at this time. The INR is above the safe therapeutic range, indicating a need for adjustment, not maintenance of the current dose.
C. While reducing the dose may be necessary, cutting it in half may not adequately address the high INR. The more appropriate action would involve holding the dose or significantly adjusting it based on the INR and clinical guidelines.
D. An INR of 5.0 is a critical value that suggests the client is at an increased risk of bleeding. The appropriate action in this case is to hold the warfarin dose and notify the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Depending on clinical protocols, the provider may recommend administering vitamin K to reverse the effects of warfarin, especially if there are signs of bleeding or if the INR is critically high.

A. mental status = lethargic, oriented X 3 but unsure of reason for presenting for care B. arterial blood gas pH 7.47/ pCO2-40/HCO3-33/ pa02 = 95 C. arterial blood gas pH=7.31/pCO2-34/HCO3-17/pa02=98 D. heart rate=52, regular E. respiratory rate = 31, deep

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Lethargy can occur in DKA due to the effects of hyperglycemia, acidosis, and dehydration. Even if the client is oriented, confusion about the reason for care suggests an altered mental state, which can be common in DKA.
B. This ABG indicates alkalosis (pH > 7.45), which is not typical for DKA. In DKA, we would expect a lower pH (acidosis). This set of values does not align with the expected clinical picture of DKA.
C. This ABG shows a pH of 7.31, indicating acidosis. The low HCO3 (17) supports metabolic acidosis, which is characteristic of DKA. This finding is consistent with the expected laboratory results in a patient experiencing DKA.
D. A heart rate of 52 (bradycardia) is not a common finding in DKA. In fact, tachycardia (elevated heart rate) is typically observed due to dehydration and compensatory mechanisms. Bradycardia would not be expected in this context.
E. A respiratory rate of 31, particularly if deep (known as Kussmaul respirations), is a classic sign of metabolic acidosis, including DKA. Kussmaul respirations are the body’s attempt to compensate for acidosis by increasing carbon dioxide elimination.

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A nurse is aware that which of the following social inequities are correlated with increased diabetes prevalence & more severe complications of diabetes? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with a deep vein thrombosis has been receiving warfarin sodium 2.5 mg PO daily. The client's International Normalized Ratio (INR) is 5.0. The nurse is aware that the medication dose needs to be:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

What clinical manifestation(s) should the nurse expect in a client with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

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