A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child.
Irritability
Cough findings at 0800
Stridor
Temperature
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"}}
Both acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) and pneumonia can cause irritability in a child due to discomfort from respiratory symptoms and fever.
The presence of a barking, non-productive cough at 0800 is consistent with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), as it is a characteristic symptom. Pneumonia can also present with cough, but it is typically productive and associated with other respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea and crackles.
Stridor, an inspiratory wheezing sound, is a hallmark symptom of acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) due to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airway. It is not typically associated with pneumonia.
Fever can occur in both acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) and pneumonia. In this case, the tympanic temperatures of 38.1°C and 38.2°C are consistent with both conditions. However, pneumonia may present with higher fevers compared to croup.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
Answer: Renal scarring and pyelonephritis
Rationale:
The child in this scenario is presenting with symptoms consistent with a urinary tract infection (UTI), which has been a recurring issue for the child due to the history of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). VUR increases the risk of pyelonephritis, a type of kidney infection, because it allows urine to flow back into the kidneys, potentially leading to infection.
Pyelonephritis is the term used to describe a kidney infection, which can develop from untreated or recurrent UTIs.
Renal scarring is a long-term consequence of recurrent UTIs, especially in the context of VUR. The chronic infections can lead to scarring of the kidney tissue, potentially causing long-term kidney damage or dysfunction.
Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome are not as closely linked to this case. While both involve kidney issues, they do not typically result from recurrent UTIs or VUR in the same direct way.
Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic condition that typically does not relate to recurrent UTIs or VUR in young children.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A swaddle wrap is the most appropriate restraint for an infant to keep them calm and still during procedures such as IV insertion.
B. A jacket restraint is more appropriate for toddlers or older children.
C. Elbow restraints are used to prevent flexion of the elbow, typically in older infants or toddlers.
D. Hand mitts are typically used to prevent hand movements but are not as effective as a swaddle wrap for keeping the infant still during an IV insertion.
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