A nurse is caring for a child who has chickenpox, a communicable disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Which of the following transmission-based precautions should the nurse implement for this patient?
Contact precautions
Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Vector-borne precautions
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Contact precautions are used for patients who have infections that can be spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patient's environment. Examples of infections that require contact precautions are scabies, impetigo, and Clostridium difficile.
Choice B reason: Droplet precautions are used for patients who have infections that can be spread by large respiratory droplets that are generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking. Examples of infections that require droplet precautions are influenza, pertussis, and meningitis.
Choice C reason: Airborne precautions are used for patients who have infections that can be spread by small airborne particles that can remain suspended in the air and travel over long distances. Examples of infections that require airborne precautions are tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox.
Choice D reason: Vector-borne precautions are used for patients who have infections that can be spread by insects or animals that carry the infectious agent. Examples of infections that require vector-borne precautions are malaria, Lyme disease, and rabies.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is given in two doses, but not before starting school. The first dose is given at 12 to 15 months of age, and the second dose is given at 4 to 6 years of age.
Choice B reason: The DTaP vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, is given in five doses, but not at age 11. The first three doses are given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, the fourth dose is given at 15 to 18 months of age, and the fifth dose is given at 4 to 6 years of age. A booster dose of Tdap, which is a similar vaccine for older children and adults, is given at 11 to 12 years of age.
Choice C reason: The hepatitis B vaccine, which protects against hepatitis B virus infection, is given in three doses in the first year of life. The first dose is given at birth, the second dose is given at 1 to 2 months of age, and the third dose is given at 6 to 18 months of age.
Choice D reason: The varicella vaccine, which protects against chickenpox, is given in two doses, but not at age 12. The first dose is given at 12 to 15 months of age, and the second dose is given at 4 to 6 years of age.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is a correct action. The nurse should administer oral rehydration solution as prescribed to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Choice B reason: This is a correct action. The nurse should monitor the child's weight and intake and output to assess fluid status and hydration level.
Choice C reason: This is a correct action. The nurse should isolate the child from other children in the unit to prevent transmission of rotavirus, which is highly contagious.
Choice D reason: This is an incorrect action. The nurse does not need to collect stool specimens for culture and sensitivity, because rotavirus gastroenteritis is diagnosed by antigen detection tests or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests.
Choice E reason: This is a correct action. The nurse should teach the parents about proper hand hygiene to prevent infection and cross-contamination.
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