A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum.
Which of the following conditions are risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum?

Choice A rationale

Prescribing insulin is premature based on a single elevated glucose test without further diagnostic confirmation through a 3-hour Glucose Tolerance Test.

Choice B rationale

Increasing carbohydrate intake is not recommended for managing elevated glucose levels in gestational diabetes.

Choice C rationale

No changes are recommended only if the GTT results are within the expected range. Further testing is required due to the elevated result.

Choice D rationale

A 3-hour Glucose Tolerance Test is needed to confirm gestational diabetes following an elevated 1-hour test result to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Choice A rationale

Abruptio placentae involves the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus, causing abdominal pain and bleeding. However, the severe left-sided pain and uncertain last menstrual period suggest another condition rather than abruption.

Choice B rationale

Gestational trophoblastic disease is characterized by abnormal growth of trophoblasts, the cells that normally develop into the placenta. It is usually identified by abnormal bleeding and unusually high hCG levels, not the acute symptoms described.

Choice C rationale

Complete abortion refers to the expulsion of all products of conception, typically accompanied by heavy bleeding and cramping. While it involves vaginal bleeding, the severe unilateral pain and low blood pressure suggest a different diagnosis.

Choice D rationale

Ectopic pregnancy, where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, typically causes severe unilateral pain and can lead to internal bleeding, resulting in low blood pressure and a high heart rate. These symptoms align with the client's presentation and are a medical emergency.