A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum.
Which of the following conditions are risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum?

Oligohydramnios.

Twin gestations.

Anemia.

Molar pregnancy.

History of hyperemesis.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

Choice A rationale

Oligohydramnios refers to a condition characterized by a deficiency in amniotic fluid. It is not a common risk factor for hyperemesis gravidarum, which is more related to hormonal changes and genetic predisposition.

Choice B rationale

Twin gestations significantly increase the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), leading to a higher incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum. Elevated hCG levels correlate directly with the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

Choice C rationale

Anemia does not have a direct causal relationship with hyperemesis gravidarum. Hyperemesis may contribute to the development of anemia due to nutritional deficiencies, but it is not a predisposing risk factor.

Choice D rationale

Molar pregnancy, a gestational trophoblastic disease, causes significantly elevated levels of hCG, leading to an increased likelihood of hyperemesis gravidarum. This condition triggers extreme nausea and vomiting due to excessively high hormone levels.

Choice E rationale

A history of hyperemesis in previous pregnancies strongly predicts recurrence in subsequent pregnancies. This suggests a genetic or environmental predisposition to severe nausea and vomiting.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Monochorionic-monoamniotic twins share a single placenta and amniotic sac, increasing the risk for twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). This condition occurs due to unbalanced blood flow through the shared placenta, leading to discrepancies in blood volume between the twins.

Choice B rationale

TTTS does not result in overperfusion to both babies. Instead, it causes one twin (the donor) to become underperfused, leading to anemia and growth restriction, while the other twin (the recipient) becomes overperfused, causing polycythemia and circulatory overload, which can lead to heart failure.

Choice C rationale

TTTS is not very common in all multiple gestation pregnancies; it primarily affects monochorionic twins. In dichorionic twins, each twin has its own placenta, making TTTS highly unlikely.

Choice D rationale

Monochorionic twins sharing a placenta actually increases their risk for TTTS, not lowers it. The shared placenta creates a scenario where blood vessels can cross and lead to uneven blood flow between the twins. .

A. Increase contraction frequency. B. Prevent maternal seizures. C. Improve fetal lung maturity. D. Provide neuroprotection for the fetus.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Increasing contraction frequency is not the goal when administering magnesium sulfate. This medication actually works to relax the uterine muscles, thus preventing premature labor contractions.

Choice B rationale

Magnesium sulfate is sometimes used to prevent seizures in clients with preeclampsia, but this is not its primary purpose in the case of preterm labor.

Choice C rationale

Betamethasone or dexamethasone are typically given to improve fetal lung maturity, not magnesium sulfate.

Choice D rationale

Magnesium sulfate provides neuroprotection for the fetus by preventing intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebral palsy in preterm infants.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum.Which of the following conditions are risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a prenatal clinic is discussing the risks of twin to twin transfusion syndrome with an 18 week pregnant client with monochorionic-monoamniotic (mono-mono) twins.Which of the following statements by the client shows an understanding of the education?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum.
Which of the following conditions are risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum?