A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia and is taking an antipsychotic medication. Which of the following screening tools should the nurse use to identify tardive dyskinesia?

A. Correct. Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used to prevent angina. Headaches are a common side effect when starting the medication, but they often decrease over time as the body adjusts.
B. Incorrect. Swallowing the tablet whole will not necessarily minimize headaches associated with isosorbide dinitrate.
C. Incorrect. Taking the medication on an empty stomach is not typically necessary to prevent headaches.
D. Incorrect. Discontinuing the medication without consulting a healthcare provider is not recommended, as abrupt discontinuation could lead to worsening of symptoms.

The correct answer is Choices B and D.

Choice A rationale: Using confrontation to manage a client’s behavior is not recommended, especially for clients with Alzheimer’s disease. Confrontation can lead to increased agitation, confusion, and distress in these clients. It’s important to approach clients with Alzheimer’s disease in a calm, reassuring manner and to validate their feelings and experiences.

Choice B rationale: Limiting the number of choices for the client is a beneficial strategy when caring for clients with Alzheimer’s disease. Too many choices can overwhelm these clients and lead to increased confusion and frustration. By simplifying decisions, caregivers can help to reduce the client’s stress and improve their ability to function.

Choice C rationale: While it’s important to keep clients with Alzheimer’s disease engaged and stimulated, providing a stimulating environment can be counterproductive. Too much stimulation can overwhelm these clients and lead to increased confusion and agitation. It’s more beneficial to provide a calm, quiet, and familiar environment for these clients.

Choice D rationale: Using written signs to assist the client with locating the bathroom can be very helpful for clients with Alzheimer’s disease. As the disease progresses, these clients often struggle with memory loss and disorientation. Clear, simple signs can help them navigate their environment and maintain a level of independence.