A nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting a depressed mood one week before the start of their menstrual cycle. The nurse should identify that the client is exhibiting manifestations consistent with which of the following disorders?

A. Dopamine: Dopamine is mainly involved in motivation, pleasure, and movement. Deficiencies are linked to Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia rather than sleep and memory issues.

B. Serotonin: Serotonin plays a major role in regulating sleep, mood, and cognitive function. Low serotonin levels are associated with depression, sleep disturbances, and memory problems.

C. Norepinephrine: Norepinephrine is involved in alertness and the fight-or-flight response. While it affects attention and arousal, its deficiency is less directly linked to sleep dysregulation and memory loss.

D. Histamine: Histamine is primarily involved in wakefulness and allergic responses. While it plays a role in arousal, it is not the primary neurotransmitter for sleep regulation and memory.

A. A 30-year-old rich man: While anyone can develop depression, wealth and younger age generally lower the risk.

B. A 70-year-old married man in a two-income household: Having a supportive spouse and financial stability generally lower depression risk in older adults.

C. A 24-year-old married woman in a single-income home: While financial stress may be a risk factor, younger married individuals tend to have more social support, reducing their overall risk.

D. A 64-year-old single woman: Older women, especially those who are single, widowed, or lacking social support, have an increased risk for depression. The risk is compounded by potential health issues and isolation.