A nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with HIV. Prior to discharge, the nurse would anticipate the client verbalizing which of the following statements?

"If I develop a fever, I will tell my doctor at the next scheduled office appointment."

I will avoid hugging my family, so that I don't give them the virus."

"I can still have my favorite sushi occasionally as long as I wear a mask to the restaurant."

I will need to take the medications even when the virus is well-controlled."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) "If I develop a fever, I will tell my doctor at the next scheduled office appointment."
. Clients with HIV should not wait for their next scheduled appointment to report any signs of infection or complications. Fever, as well as other symptoms such as cough, fatigue, or skin rashes, may indicate a potential infection or opportunistic infection that requires immediate medical attention. Early intervention can prevent complications. Therefore, the nurse should emphasize the importance of reporting any symptoms of illness immediately to the healthcare provider.

B) "I will avoid hugging my family, so that I don't give them the virus."
. HIV is not transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, shaking hands, or sharing meals. HIV is transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk, and through needle sharing or sexual contact. It is important for patients with HIV to understand that they can continue to engage in normal daily activities and maintain close relationships with family members and friends without the fear of spreading HIV through non-bodily fluid contact.

C) "I can still have my favorite sushi occasionally as long as I wear a mask to the restaurant."
. The need to wear a mask to prevent HIV transmission is a misconception. HIV is not transmitted through food, air, or casual social interactions. The concern regarding eating sushi comes from the risk of foodborne illness, particularly for individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV. Raw or undercooked food (like sushi) can expose individuals to bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, which are more harmful to immunocompromised clients. Safe food handling practices and avoiding raw or undercooked foods are more important than wearing a mask.

D) "I will need to take the medications even when the virus is well-controlled."
. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for people living with HIV, even when the virus is well-controlled and their viral load is undetectable. Stopping or interrupting ART can lead to drug resistance and a return of the virus. Consistent medication use is the key to preventing the progression of HIV, reducing viral transmission, and maintaining long-term health. The patient should be educated about the importance of taking ART as prescribed for life, even when feeling well, to keep the virus suppressed and prevent complications

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The client is showing signs of fluid overload due to heart failure exacerbation, including:

Progressive shortness of breath (fluid in the lungs)
Jugular venous distention (JVD) (increased central venous pressure)
Crackles in the lung bases (pulmonary congestion/edema)
Bounding pulse (increased circulating volume)

IV diuretics (e.g., Furosemide/Lasix) are the first-line treatment to rapidly reduce fluid overload by promoting diuresis and decreasing pulmonary congestion.

A. 2-6 hours before meals. B. Lispro lasts 24 hours and does not have to be timed with meals. C. 15-30 minutes before meals. D. 60 minutes before meals.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 2-6 hours before meals:
This timeframe is too long for rapid-acting insulin like Lispro. Rapid-acting insulins, such as Lispro, begin to work quickly after administration, typically within 15 minutes, and peak around 1 to 2 hours after injection. Administering it 2-6 hours before meals would not align with the timing of food intake and would likely lead to hypoglycemia before the meal. Timing of rapid-acting insulin should be closer to the meal to match the rise in blood glucose levels that occurs after eating.

B. Lispro lasts 24 hours and does not have to be timed with meals:
This statement is incorrect. Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin, and its duration of action is much shorter than 24 hours, typically lasting about 3-5 hours. It is crucial to time the administration of Lispro with meals to match its peak action with the rise in blood glucose levels after eating. A long-acting insulin would be the type that lasts for 24 hours, but that is not the case with Lispro.

C. 15-30 minutes before meals:
Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin, and its onset of action occurs within 15 minutes after injection. It is most effective when administered within 15-30 minutes before the start of a meal, as it peaks in about 1-2 hours and works to regulate blood glucose levels during and after the meal. This timing ensures that insulin works in concert with the rise in blood glucose following food intake, helping prevent hyperglycemia.

D. 60 minutes before meals:
Administering Lispro 60 minutes before a meal is too early. Rapid-acting insulins, such as Lispro, begin working quickly and reach peak action within 1-2 hours. If administered too far in advance, there is a risk that the insulin may have peaked before the meal, leading to a potential drop in blood glucose levels before the meal is consumed. This could result in hypoglycemia. Therefore, administering it closer to the meal, within 15-30 minutes, is the optimal timing.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with HIV. Prior to discharge, the nurse would anticipate the client verbalizing which of the following statements?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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