A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of depression. A decrease in which of the following neurotransmitters has been implicated in depression?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetyicholine
Glutamate and histamine
Norepinephrine and serotonin
Serotonin and acetylcholine
The Correct Answer is C
A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine: GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate neuronal excitability. It is not typically implicated in depression. Acetylcholine plays a role in cognitive functions and muscle contractions but is not primarily associated with depression.
B. Glutamate and histamine: Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its imbalance has been linked to various neurological disorders, but it is not directly implicated in depression. Histamine, known for its role in allergic responses and wakefulness, is not typically associated with depression.
C. Norepinephrine and serotonin: Both norepinephrine and serotonin are monoamine neurotransmitters that play crucial roles in mood regulation. Decreased levels of these neurotransmitters have been strongly linked to depression. Norepinephrine is involved in the body's stress response and arousal, while serotonin is involved in mood, sleep, appetite, and other functions.
D. Serotonin and acetylcholine: Serotonin, as mentioned earlier, is significantly implicated in depression due to its role in regulating mood and emotional states. Acetylcholine, while important for cognitive functions and muscle control, is not primarily associated with depression.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "We have to go over these instructions before you can go. Please try to listen." - This response may come across as dismissive or confrontational, which can escalate the client's anger and hinder effective communication. It does not demonstrate empathy or understanding of the client's emotions.
B. "You should be able to regulate your feelings better by now. Why are you angry?" - This response can be perceived as judgmental and invalidating of the client's emotions. It does not promote a supportive or therapeutic environment for the client to express their feelings.
C. "I can sense you are angry. Tell me how you feel about being discharged today." - This response acknowledges the client's emotions empathetically and invites them to express their feelings openly. It demonstrates a therapeutic understanding of the client's perspective and creates an opportunity for effective communication and problem-solving.
D. "Would you rather not be discharged today?" - This response acknowledges the possibility that the client may have concerns or preferences about discharge. It opens the door for further discussion and exploration of the client's feelings and needs regarding the discharge process.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Psychiatric Nurse: Psychiatric nurses primarily focus on providing direct care to patients with mental health disorders, including medication management, psychoeducation, and therapeutic interventions. While they may participate in interpreting test results and contributing to the overall care plan, their role in psychological test interpretation and therapy design is typically more supportive or collaborative within the interdisciplinary team.
B. Psychiatrist: Psychiatrists are medical doctors specializing in mental health. They are trained to diagnose mental health disorders, prescribe medication, and provide psychotherapy. While they may interpret psychological test results as part of their diagnostic process, their main focus is on medical management, including medication adjustments and monitoring.
C. Recreation Therapist: Recreation therapists focus on using recreational and leisure activities as therapeutic interventions to improve patients' physical, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning. They may not typically be involved in interpreting psychological test results or designing specific therapies related to bipolar disorder.
D. Psychologist: Psychologists specialize in psychological testing, assessment, and psychotherapy. They are trained to interpret psychological tests and assessments, such as those completed for the client with bipolar disorder, and participate actively in designing psychotherapeutic interventions based on these assessments.
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