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A nurse is completing a nutritional assessment of a female client. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is at an increased risk for developing cancer?

A.

Limits red meat intake to two servings a month

B.

Eats six servings of whole grains daily

C.

Eats at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily

D.

Limits alcohol consumption to two drinks per day

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Limits red meat intake to two servings a month: Limiting red meat intake is a protective dietary behavior when it comes to cancer prevention. High consumption of red and processed meats has been linked to colorectal and other cancers. Two servings a month is relatively low and does not place the client at increased risk, but rather may help reduce cancer risk.
B. Eats six servings of whole grains daily: Whole grains contain dietary fiber, antioxidants, and phytochemicals that support digestive health and reduce inflammation, which may protect against certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. Eating six servings of whole grains daily is consistent with cancer-preventive nutritional guidelines.
C. Eats at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily: Fruits and vegetables provide essential vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytonutrients that have cancer-fighting properties. A daily intake of at least five servings supports immune function, cellular repair, and may reduce the risk of various types of cancer, including stomach and lung cancers.
D. Limits alcohol consumption to two drinks per day: Consuming up to two alcoholic drinks daily may still increase cancer risk, especially for breast, liver, esophageal, and colorectal cancers. The safest approach in cancer prevention is to avoid alcohol or limit it to no more than one drink per day for women.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"E"}

Explanation

  • Anemia: The client's hemoglobin level is 10.1 g/dL, which is below the normal reference range of 12 to 16 g/dL for females. This, along with the hematocrit being slightly low at 36%, indicates anemia, which can contribute to symptoms like fatigue.
  • Hypertension: The client's blood pressure is 136/85 mm Hg, which falls into the elevated to stage 1 hypertension range. Combined with a BMI of 38.8, which classifies the client as obese, she is at increased risk of developing hypertension over time.
  • Hyperthyroidism is unlikely given her normal TSH level and the symptom of fatigue, which is more consistent with hypothyroidism or anemia.
  • Malnutrition is not indicated, as the client is overweight and has no signs of nutrient deficiencies aside from anemia.
  • Leukemia is unlikely given her normal WBC and platelet counts, and there are no associated symptoms like bruising, frequent infections, or severe fatigue beyond what's explained by anemia.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Include supplemental pancreatic enzymes with snacks: Pancreatic enzymes should be taken with all meals and snacks to aid digestion and nutrient absorption. However, the adjustment of dosage is based on stool characteristics rather than just timing with food.
B. Avoid taking water-soluble vitamins with pancreatic enzymes: Water-soluble vitamins (B and C) are not affected by pancreatic enzymes. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are the ones often supplemented in cystic fibrosis and may be taken with enzymes to enhance absorption.
C. Adjust pancreatic enzymes to achieve three to four stools per day: Pancreatic enzyme dosage is tailored to optimize digestion and minimize steatorrhea. Achieving 1 to 2 well-formed stools in infants or 2 to 3 in older children and teens typically indicates adequate enzyme dosing.
D. Decrease pancreatic enzymes when eating high-fat meals: High-fat meals actually require more pancreatic enzymes for digestion. Decreasing enzyme intake in this situation can worsen malabsorption and weight loss.

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