A nurse is counseling a woman about prenatal vitamins and focuses on the need for folic acid intake. Which disorder is a potential consequence of inadequate folic acid intake?

These two conditions belong to the disease classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a group of lung diseases that cause persistent and progressive airflow limitation and difficulty breathing. Asthma is a condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Pulmonary emphysema is a condition that damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, reducing their elasticity and surface area, resulting in less oxygen exchange and more trapped air. Both asthma and pulmonary emphysema can be triggered by environmental factors, such as allergens, pollutants, tobacco smoke, or infections. The main difference between asthma and pulmonary emphysema is that asthma is reversible with medication, while pulmonary emphysema is irreversible and progressive.

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue, causing problems with the heart, blood vessels, eyes, bones, and joints. It is caused by a mutation in the FBN1 gene, which encodes for a protein called fibrillin-1. Marfan syndrome follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, which means that only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to cause the disorder. A person with Marfan syndrome has a 50% chance of passing on the mutated gene to each child, regardless of the gender of the parent or the child.