A nurse is discussing the pathophysiological consequences of cystic fibrosis (CF) with a client. Which of the following best describes how CF affects the respiratory system?

"CF primarily causes airway constriction due to inflammation."

"In CF, the thickened mucus in the airways leads to chronic inflammation, infections, and lung damage."

"CF results in the overproduction of surfactant, causing respiratory distress."

"The CFTR protein in the lungs fails to produce enough oxygen for normal breathing."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Incorrect. While inflammation can be a consequence of CF, it is not the primary cause of airway constriction.

B) Correct. In CF, thickened mucus accumulates in the airways, leading to chronic inflammation, recurrent infections, and progressive lung damage.

C) Incorrect. CF does not result in the overproduction of surfactant, which is a substance that helps reduce surface tension in the lungs.

D) Incorrect. The CFTR protein does not produce oxygen but rather regulates chloride ion and water transport in the lungs

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Correct. Postural drainage and chest percussion help mobilize and remove thick, sticky mucus from the airways, which is crucial in managing CF.

B) Incorrect. While bronchodilators may be used, they are not the primary therapy for managing CF. Airway clearance techniques like postural drainage are more important.

C) Incorrect. Oxygen therapy should be administered as needed, but it is not required around the clock for all CF patients.

D) Incorrect. Deep breathing exercises should be encouraged regularly, not just during illness, to maintain airway clearance and lung function.

A. "We should encourage our child to drink plenty of water throughout the day." B. "We need to administer all prescribed medications, even if our child seems fine." C. "Our child should avoid close contact with other children to prevent infection." D. "Regular follow-up appointments with the CF care team are essential for our child's health."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Correct. Staying well-hydrated is important for CF patients to help keep mucus thin and easier to clear.

B) Correct. It's important to administer all prescribed medications as directed to manage the condition effectively.

C) Incorrect. While infection control is important, it is not necessary for the child to avoid close contact with other children. Common-sense hygiene measures should be followed.

D) Correct. Regular follow-up appointments with the CF care team are crucial to monitor the child's health and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

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