A patient with hepatitis B asks the nurse about prevention strategies. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the nurse's teaching?

Choice A rationale:

Hepatitis C is indeed caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a single-stranded RNA virus. The virus is classified under the Flaviviridae family and is known for its high genetic variability, leading to the development of multiple genotypes and subtypes. The RNA genome of HCV is not defective, but rather highly adaptable, making it challenging to develop effective vaccines and treatments. Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, sharing needles, and, less commonly, through sexual contact and from mother to child during childbirth.

Choice B rationale:

Hepatitis B (HBV) is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus, not a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, and it is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic liver infections.

Choice C rationale:

Hepatitis A (HAV) is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, not hepatitis

C. HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, typically due to contaminated food or water. It is usually a self-limiting disease that does not lead to chronic liver problems.

Choice D rationale:

Hepatitis E (HEV) is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, but it is not partially double-stranded DNA, as stated in this choice. HEV is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, similar to HAV, and it can cause acute hepatitis, particularly in pregnant women, but it does not require a prior hepatitis B infection for transmission.

Choice A rationale:

Getting vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine is an effective prevention strategy for hepatitis

B. It helps protect the individual from acquiring the virus and developing the disease. Vaccination is crucial, especially for individuals at risk of exposure to the virus, such as healthcare workers, sexually active individuals, and household contacts of infected individuals.

Choice B rationale:

Drinking alcohol occasionally is not a safe practice for individuals with hepatitis

B. Alcohol can further damage the liver and worsen the condition. Avoiding alcohol entirely is essential to protect the liver and promote healing.

Choice C rationale:

Clearance of infection does not confer immunity to hepatitis

B. The patient should still take precautions to prevent potential reinfection through sexual contact or other means.

Choice D rationale:

Screening blood donors and recipients for HBV infection is necessary to prevent the transmission of the virus through blood transfusions. It is a crucial safety measure to ensure that blood and blood products are free from hepatitis B virus and other infectious agents.