A nurse is investigating a bacterial illness that has caused a health problem in the community. Only some of the people exposed to the bacteria have become ill. Which of the following factors best explains why this would have happened?
Successful interaction among the agent, host, and environment.
Environmental factors
Physical agent factors
Chemical agent factors
The Correct Answer is A
A. Successful interaction among the agent, host, and environment: The epidemiologic triad explains disease occurrence through the interaction of an agent (bacteria), a host (individual susceptibility), and the environment (conditions favoring disease transmission).
B. Environmental factors: While environmental factors contribute to disease spread, they alone do not explain why only some people become ill. Host susceptibility also plays a role.
C. Physical agent factors: Physical agents refer to non-living causes of disease (e.g., radiation, trauma), which are unrelated to bacterial infections.
D. Chemical agent factors: Chemical agents (e.g., toxins, pollutants) do not explain bacterial infections, which are caused by biological agents.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Having the knowledge and skill set needed to advocate for the patient, but not being able to act on it due to not having the authority to do so. Moral distress occurs when a nurse knows the right action to take but is constrained by external factors such as policies, hierarchy, or legal limitations.
B. Having the authority to call off a code, then realizing the decision was harmful to the patient. This describes moral regret or ethical uncertainty, not moral distress. Moral distress occurs when a nurse is unable to act according to their ethical beliefs.
C. Having the authority to override a physician's order for pain medication. This describes an ethical dilemma rather than moral distress. Moral distress arises when a nurse cannot act despite knowing the right course of action.
D. Having the knowledge and skill set needed to provide culturally competent care. Cultural competence is an important aspect of nursing, but it does not describe moral distress, which involves ethical conflict and external barriers.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Abstinence is the only way to be certain you are HIV free: While abstinence eliminates the risk, it is not the only preventive measure. Safer sex practices, such as condom use and PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis), can significantly reduce the risk of HIV.
B. The test would not cover any recent infection, so if the client has had recent unprotected sex, the test should be repeated in 3 months. HIV has a "window period" during which recent infections may not yet be detectable. Retesting in 3 months ensures accuracy and proper diagnosis.
C. The test could be wrong and the client might still have an HIV infection: Modern HIV tests are highly accurate, but recent infections may not be detected. Instead of causing unnecessary distress, the focus should be on retesting after the window period.
D. Sex should be restricted to one partner: Monogamy does not guarantee HIV prevention unless both partners are tested and remain faithful. The emphasis should be on safe sex practices.
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